5-1 What Are Earthquakes?

Question 1

the study of earthquakes

Answer 1

seismology

Question 2

the bending, tilting, and breaking of the Earth’s crust; the change in the shape of rock in response to stress

Answer 2

deformation

Question 3

the sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its undeformed shape

Answer 3

elastic rebound

Question 4

a wave of energy that travels through all Earth, away from an earthquake in all directions

Answer 4

seismic waves

Question 5

a seismic wave that causes particles of rock to move in a back-and-forth direction

Answer 5

P waves / primary waves

Question 6

a seismic wave that causes particles of rock to move in a side-to-side direction

Answer 6

S waves / secondary waves

Question 7

scientists who study earthquakes

Answer 7

seismologists

Question 8

giant pieces of Earth’s thin, outermost layer

Answer 8

tectonic plates

Question 9

break in the Earth’s crust along which blocks of crust slide relative to one another

Answer 9

fault

Question 10

g

Answer 10

plastic deformation

Question 11

d

Answer 11

elastic deformation

Question 12

g

Answer 12

body waves

Question 13

h

Answer 13

surface waves