4th Six Weeks

Question 1

Data Logging

Answer 1

Computers automatically record data from sensors without human

intervention

o Intensive care units logging vital signs

o Monitoring volcanic and seismic activity

Question 2

Advantages

Answer 2

Ability to collect large numbers of variables at once and extremely

frequently

 Better integrity of data

o No human error involved

 Safer

o Data logging instruments can survive in harsh environments

 Systems only need attention when something is abnormal

o Medical monitoring devices only need to alert operators to a problem

Question 3

Analog data (continuous data)

Answer 3

is measured

Question 4

Digital Data (discrete data)

Answer 4

is counted

Question 5

Computers only read

Answer 5

digital data

Question 6

Data Logging Process

Answer 6

1. Analog data is collected using a variety of sensors
2. The analog data is converted to digital data through ADC
3. The digital data is transferred to a computer for storage
4. Data is analysed and processed
5. Alarms or alters can be sounded if data is outside predetermined ranges
6. Output such as graphics or tables is produced

Question 7

Satelltie imaging

Answer 7

Advanced imaging satellites are capable of taking precise photos fromover 400 miles away

Question 8

radar

Answer 8

radio waves

Question 9

lidar

Answer 9

lasers

Question 10

sonar

Answer 10

sounds

Question 11

Online Mapping

Answer 11

Many free online high resolution mapping programs are available

 They have data layers customized for the target audience

o A tourist may see hotels, airports, rental car agencies, etc.

 Common to have geotagged images

o Images with location coordinates embedded

 Many allow for turn by turn directions

 Combined with a GPS receiver, online mapping systems are the core component of portable and in-car satellite navigations systems

Question 12

Environmental Impacts of Technology

Answer 12

Amount of resources used during manufacture

 Speed with which products become obsolete and new ones are

manufactured

 Use of dangerous chemicals in the manufacturing process affecting

workers

 Pollution caused by old equipment when it is discarded

Question 13

Technology Power Consumption

Answer 13

Key issue by consumers is about battery life in mobile devices

 Companies care about how much energy is required to power the actual system and how much is required to keep them cool

Question 14

Data centers

Answer 14

Require a ton of energy to keep them cool and running

continuously

Question 15

Power Consumption Solutions

Answer 15

Use lower power settings on personal devices

Question 16

Speed throttling

Answer 16

Processors that reduce the devices speed when not being used intensively

Question 17

Blade servers

Answer 17

Modular systems that allow shared power and cooling systems versus traditional rack servers

Question 18

Resource Depletion

Answer 18

The volume of resources used to manufacture IT is a concern

 Harmful chemicals are used in the manufacturing process

o Recycled air in bunny suits is breathed over and over again

Question 19

E-waste & Unsafe Disposal

Answer 19

 Most IT equipment contains harmful toxins

o Mercury, lead, beryllium, cadmium, hexavalent chromium

 Improper disposal leads to seepage in the soil and groundwater

 Chemicals impact all parts of the body if consumed

Question 20

Sources

Answer 20

Most e-waste originated in more economically developed countries

(MEDC) like Europe and North America

 Average cost is $30 to recycle or dispose per computer

 Much is sent to less economical developed countries (LEDC)

Question 21

Speed of Change

Answer 21

E-waste has become a significant problem because of speed of

change within the IT industry

 Some IT systems have short life cycles

o Think about cell phones and MP3 players

Question 22

planned obsolescence

Answer 22

Designing a device that will be out of date or will fail after a
certain amount of time

Question 23

Reducing Waste

 3 Rs

Answer 23

Reduce

 The amount of raw materials and energy used to produce

o Reuse

 Taking obsolete equipment and either reusing or

o Recycle

 Recycled with specialty equipment to extract valuable

 Generally very expensive

the product

refurbishing the equipment and giving it away materials

Question 24

Waste Electrical and Electronic Directive (WEEE)

Answer 24

o European Community Directive

o Prohibits companies from charging when people return old equipment

Question 25

Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS)

Answer 25

o European Law

o Restricts amount of hazardous materials can be in IT

Question 26

Basel Convention, Basel Action Network (BAN)

Answer 26

Treaty designed to stop exports of e-waste to LEDCs

o US did not sign

Question 27

Image Storage

Answer 27

 The resolution of an image refers to the number of pixels in the image

Question 28

Megapixel

Answer 28

1 million pixels

Question 29

Bit Depth

Answer 29

the # of colours in an image

Question 30

File Compression

Answer 30

Reduces redundant information to create higher quality graphics

Question 31

Lossless compression

Answer 31

technique in which the original file is saved with no loss of quality

Question 32

Lossy compression

Answer 32

technique in which some data is sacrificed in order to reduce
the file size

Question 33

Pixels Per Inch – (PPI)

Answer 33

Number of pixels displayed per inch

Question 34

Dots Per Inch (DPI)

Answer 34

Number of ink dots a printer produces when creating an image

Question 35

Vector Images

Answer 35

Use objects rather than pixels to produce images

 Each object is stores as a series of mathematical equations

o It defines the starting point, ending point, and path

 More complex and requires computers with faster processors

 Primary method of creating 3D images