4th Exam: CNS study Flashcards
Blood brain barrier is most important in development of:
edema, vasogenic
Depleted in substantia nigra in Parkinson’s:
neuromelanin
Path/ causes of parkinson’s:
head trauma (i.e., boxing), prior encephalitis, toxins like cycad beans, mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene, exposure to MPTP, previous viral infection in brain
Primarily affected in degenerative diseases of the nervous system:
neurons: atrophy, gliosis, and unique change
Major finding in Parkinson’s:
tremor at rest
Causes of brain edema:
Head trauma, cerebral infarction, brain tumor, CNS infection, metabolic stroke, hemorrhage, abcess
Effect of Alzheimer’s on brain:
bilateral diffuse atrophy
Central and disease initiating event in Alzheimers:
deposition of B-amyloid
Rod cell in brain is most closely related to:
microglia (macs of brain)
Lewy bodies are assoc w:
Parkinson’s
Causes of enlarged or swollen brain:
Vasogenic edema, cytotoxic edema, mass lesion, inc intracranial pressre
Huntingon’s effect on the motor system:
involuntary moves
Tabes dorsalis is assoc w:
disturbance of sensory function
Alzheimers is assoc w:
dementia
Where is the signature lesion in Parkinson’s?
Substantia nigra
Where is the sginature lesion in Alsheimer’s?
cerebral cortex
Brain edema:
can result from head trauma, may cause intracranial herniations, may lead to death, fluid may be extracellular in the brain
Dementia has the most profound effects on:
Memory: judgement, reasoning, calculation, language
`Parkinson’s:
tremor at rest, describes as “pill rolling”, chronic, progressive, leads to disability, lewy bodies ibnt eh substantia nigra
Define gliosis in brain:
Reactive process analogous to fibrosis in other organs, like scarring
Abnormal accumulation of B-amyloid are found here in pts w dementia:
Cerebral cortex
Dementia:
involvement of cerebrum, bilateral involvement of brain, atrophy of brain, often irreversible when dx s made early in course
In a destructive process in the brain such as infarction, the microglial cells enters the damaged area and gives rise to:
Gitter cell or mac
Parkinsonism is aka:
Parkinson’s syndrome
Inc numbers of CAG trinucleotide repeats in the mutant gene located on chromosome 4p are assoc w:
huntington’s
Abnormality foundin all cases of Alzheimer’s:
progressive dementia
Where is the greratest damage to the brain in Huntington’s disease?
Caudate nucleus
TF? The weight of the brain is increased in edema.
T
Finding always present in all types of hydrocephalus:
dilation of ventricles
pts w dementia:
impaired judgement, inability to perform calculation such as making change, decline from a previous level of ability, cerebral cortical atrophy
Cytotoxic edema of brain mainly affects:
cell sytoplasm
Brain herniation is assoc w:
edema
Duret hemorrhages are assoc w:
edema
Giiosis is a reaction to:
injury
Alzheimer’s lesions are found in this part of brain;
cerebrum
