4c.7 & 4c.8

Question 1

Approaches to coastal management

Answer 1

In the UK, we now follow the principles of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). This is where consideration is
given to how to manage large sections of the coastline, taking into account the area from the coast to several km in land,
rather than simply giving consideration of how to manage a localised area

Question 2

Approaches to coastal management

Answer 2

Each part of the UK coast has its own Shoreline Management Plan (SMP) which applies most of the principles of ICZM.
Coastal management options range from advance the line, to hold the line, to managed retreat/realignment to do nothing.

Question 3

Approaches to coastal management

Answer 3

Hard and soft engineering are two contrasting approaches to managing the coastline.
Whatever approach is adopted the costs of putting in defences and the benefits of doing so are analysed before a decision Is made

Question 4

Sea wall, groyne, curved sea wall advantages

Answer 4

Effective - land protected, land stable

• Income will be possible (tourism)

Question 5

Sea wall, groyne, curved sea wall disadvantages

Answer 5

Expensive, millions of pounds
• Needmaintenance continually
• Visual impact is poor - can harm tourism
• Interfere with natural processes, e.g. LSD can prevent beach formation downdrift

Question 6

Hard engineering economic advantages

Answer 6

In the long term
businesses will be
protected.

Question 7

Hard engineering economic disadvantages

Answer 7

Very expensive

Question 8

Hard engineering social advantages

Answer 8

In the long term houses will be protected

Question 9

Hard engineering social disadvantages

Answer 9

Likely to create
short-term
problems of lack
of access during
construction

May aesthetically look bad

Question 10

Hard engineering environmental advantages

Answer 10

May improve the visual quality of the coastal zone

Question 11

Hard engineering environmental disadvantages

Answer 11

May lead to problems elsewhere where there may be no to little protection

Question 12

Soft engineering economic advantages

Answer 12

Local businesses
will benefit if more
tourists use the new
beach

Question 13

Soft engineering economic disadvantages

Answer 13

Expensive

Question 14

Soft engineering social advantages

Answer 14

Creates better beaches for tourists to visit

Question 15

Soft engineering social disadvantages

Answer 15

Some people may not like the changed visual appearance

Question 16

Soft engineering environmental advantages

Answer 16

Improves visual quality of beaches

Question 17

Soft engineering environmental advantages

Answer 17

Another area may be affected by the loss of sand and shingle