4a The significance of the conquest of Normandy and the Treaty of Troyes, 1417-20 Flashcards
What did Henry do In August 1417 after his attempt to obtain territory in Normandy by placing diplomatic pressure on the French failed?
the conquest of Normandy and prepared carefully to engage in
siege warfare against the heavily fortified French towns, bringing
with him several canons as well as an army of c10,500 soldiers.
Why was campaign well funded
heavy taxation
voted through in 1415-16 by grateful and patriotic parliaments
and partly via loans. So formidable
Where did they land 1 August and where did they head to after this?
after landing at the Seine estuary on 1 August the army headed straight to Caen, which fell in September after a bitterly fought siege.
Where did they land 1 Aug and where did they head to
after landing at the Seine estuary on 1 August the army
headed straight to Caen, which fell in September after a bitterly
fought siege.
Following this, Henry and his lieutenant Richard Beauchamp, earl
of Warwick, led a series of assaults on key towns such as
Alençon and Domfront
What did Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, the king’s
brother, besiege
Cherbourg, finally starving it into surrender in autumn 1418.
How did Henry consolidate control in Caen
Henry was also careful to set up new administration in Caen to consolidate his control
What did the King seize after Caen
seized Pont-de-l’Arche on 20 July 1418, a strategic location just a
few miles from Rouen, upstream on the River Seine.
Rouen was
significant as
it was the capital of Normandy
When did Henry besiege Rouen
late July to January 1419
How much did the English fine Rouen
the sum being equivalent
to £50,000
What were people of Rouen expected to do and what did Henry do to strengthen control
They were
also required to recognise Henry as their feudal lord and he took
Possession of the castle, which was politically significant as it was
traditionally held by the duke of Normandy.
When did Henry and Charles VI sign Treaty of Troyes
21 May 1420
When did Catherine and Henry get married
2 June 1420
Significance of Catherine marriages
strengthen the Lancastrian dynasty’s claim to be rulers of both
England and France.
2 Key terms of treaty
Henry as regent til Charle’s death. Normandy regarded as separate from French til Charles died
What did Henry V’s granting of Normandy lands to English nobles mean for Henry VI
grants of land = many wealthy men in
England had a vested interest in ensuring that English holdings in France were maintained. This meant that during Henry VI’s reign there were key figures, such as Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, who wished to avoid making territorial
concessions to the French.
Henry and the duke of Burgundy fought together in 1420
to consolidate the treaty, taking which towns
Sens and Montereau, both towns allied to the dauphin’s cause.
As a result of them consolidating Treaty in this way, what was Henry able to do?
Consequently, by December 1420 Henry was able to enter Paris and have his French claims publicly acknowledged.
Did the dauphin successfully raid Normandy in retaliation?
repelled by combined Anglo-Burgundian troops at the Battle of Cravant in 1423.
What happened when their allegiance changed in 1435
that English fortunes in the Hundred Years War were truly reversed.
What did Henry’s French campaigns cause as they carried on
Reluctance of parliament- placed considerable strain on crown finances.
Why was the English parliament’s insistence that the king’s French conquests should fund further
military endeavours unrealistic- reason about wine
French towns and trade had been badly damaged by the war.
Cascony’s wine exports, for example, were very substantially disrupted, causing significant economic
problems for the region, as well as damaging English interests in Bristol, as this port was heavily
involved in the shipping of this product.
Why was the English parliament’s insistence that the king’s French conquests should fund further
military endeavours unrealistic
Large sections of the French population had been
displaced and poor weather affected the harvest of 1420
According to C.T. Allmand, what provided improved stablity in Normandy
Henry giving grants to Eng for military service in France
What did Henry also try to do to remedy problems that had no time to reach fruition when he died unexpectedly in 1422.
,Henry instituted considerable financial reforms in France in an attempt to remedy economic difficulties
What did Henry leave his baby son
complex legacy of a great military reputation to live up to, financial difficulties, and the leadership of two countries, one of which (France) was already in the grip of civil war.
What has led many historians
to argue that the Treaty of Troyes was doomed to failure, and created an impossible situation for
Henry V’s heir
The growing lack of English enthusiasm for war, together with its high cost to the English taxpayer and the social and economic difficulties in France
