4a The significance of the conquest of Normandy and the Treaty of Troyes, 1417-20

Question 1

What did Henry do In August 1417 after his attempt to obtain territory in Normandy by placing diplomatic pressure on the French failed?

Answer 1

the conquest of Normandy and prepared carefully to engage in
siege warfare against the heavily fortified French towns, bringing
with him several canons as well as an army of c10,500 soldiers.

Question 2

Why was campaign well funded

Answer 2

heavy taxation
voted through in 1415-16 by grateful and patriotic parliaments
and partly via loans. So formidable

Question 3

Where did they land 1 August and where did they head to after this?

Answer 3

after landing at the Seine estuary on 1 August the army headed straight to Caen, which fell in September after a bitterly fought siege.

Question 4

Where did they land 1 Aug and where did they head to

Answer 4

after landing at the Seine estuary on 1 August the army
headed straight to Caen, which fell in September after a bitterly
fought siege.

Question 5

Following this, Henry and his lieutenant Richard Beauchamp, earl
of Warwick, led a series of assaults on key towns such as

Answer 5

Alençon and Domfront

Question 6

What did Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, the king’s

brother, besiege

Answer 6

Cherbourg, finally starving it into surrender in autumn 1418.

Question 7

How did Henry consolidate control in Caen

Answer 7

Henry was also careful to set up new administration in Caen to consolidate his control

Question 8

What did the King seize after Caen

Answer 8

seized Pont-de-l’Arche on 20 July 1418, a strategic location just a
few miles from Rouen, upstream on the River Seine.

Question 9

Rouen was

significant as

Answer 9

it was the capital of Normandy

Question 10

When did Henry besiege Rouen

Answer 10

late July to January 1419

Question 11

How much did the English fine Rouen

Answer 11

the sum being equivalent

to £50,000

Question 12

What were people of Rouen expected to do and what did Henry do to strengthen control

Answer 12

They were
also required to recognise Henry as their feudal lord and he took
Possession of the castle, which was politically significant as it was
traditionally held by the duke of Normandy.

Question 13

When did Henry and Charles VI sign Treaty of Troyes

Answer 13

21 May 1420

Question 14

When did Catherine and Henry get married

Answer 14

2 June 1420

Question 15

Significance of Catherine marriages

Answer 15

strengthen the Lancastrian dynasty’s claim to be rulers of both
England and France.

Question 16

2 Key terms of treaty

Answer 16

Henry as regent til Charle’s death. Normandy regarded as separate from French til Charles died

Question 17

What did Henry V’s granting of Normandy lands to English nobles mean for Henry VI

Answer 17

grants of land = many wealthy men in
England had a vested interest in ensuring that English holdings in France were maintained. This meant that during Henry VI’s reign there were key figures, such as Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, who wished to avoid making territorial
concessions to the French.

Question 18

Henry and the duke of Burgundy fought together in 1420

to consolidate the treaty, taking which towns

Answer 18

Sens and Montereau, both towns allied to the dauphin’s cause.

Question 19

As a result of them consolidating Treaty in this way, what was Henry able to do?

Answer 19

Consequently, by December 1420 Henry was able to enter Paris and have his French claims publicly acknowledged.

Question 20

Did the dauphin successfully raid Normandy in retaliation?

Answer 20

repelled by combined Anglo-Burgundian troops at the Battle of Cravant in 1423.

Question 21

What happened when their allegiance changed in 1435

Answer 21

that English fortunes in the Hundred Years War were truly reversed.

Question 22

What did Henry’s French campaigns cause as they carried on

Answer 22

Reluctance of parliament- placed considerable strain on crown finances.

Question 23

Why was the English parliament’s insistence that the king’s French conquests should fund further
military endeavours unrealistic- reason about wine

Answer 23

French towns and trade had been badly damaged by the war.
Cascony’s wine exports, for example, were very substantially disrupted, causing significant economic
problems for the region, as well as damaging English interests in Bristol, as this port was heavily
involved in the shipping of this product.

Question 24

Why was the English parliament’s insistence that the king’s French conquests should fund further
military endeavours unrealistic

Answer 24

Large sections of the French population had been

displaced and poor weather affected the harvest of 1420

Question 25

According to C.T. Allmand, what provided improved stablity in Normandy

Answer 25

Henry giving grants to Eng for military service in France

Question 26

What did Henry also try to do to remedy problems that had no time to reach fruition when he died unexpectedly in 1422.

Answer 26

,Henry instituted considerable financial reforms in France in an attempt to remedy economic difficulties

Question 27

What did Henry leave his baby son

Answer 27

complex legacy of a great military reputation to live up to, financial difficulties, and the leadership of two countries, one of which (France) was already in the grip of civil war.

Question 28

What has led many historians
to argue that the Treaty of Troyes was doomed to failure, and created an impossible situation for
Henry V’s heir

Answer 28

The growing lack of English enthusiasm for war, together with its high cost to the English taxpayer and the social and economic difficulties in France