4. Why Henry V So Successful In Foreign Policy And What Were The Consequences Of This

Question 1

When was the Duchy of Burgundy passed into the hands of the Valois dynasty?

Answer 1

1361

Question 2

Who did King John Il of France grant the Duchy of Burgundy to in 1364

Answer 2

King John Il of France granted the Duchy of Burgundy to his youngest son, Philip the Bold.

Question 3

The power of the Duchy was

enhanced greatly by

Answer 3

Philip’s marriage to Margaret, daughter of the count of Flanders, an exceptionally wealthy heiress.

Question 4

What happened When

the count died in 1384

Answer 4

Philip inherited the wealth
of Flanders making his territories and power roughly equal to
that of the kingdom of France.

Question 5

What also strengthened the power of the region

Answer 5

Later dukes also made highly

advantageous marriages

Question 6

What did the duchy play a significant role in

Answer 6

the Duchy’s support became an important factor in the Hundred Years War- this altered at various
points in the 15th century, which was an important factor in the,
outcome of battles during the rest of the Hundred Years War.

Question 7

When did Charles begin to suffer from
repeated and prolonged bouts of insanity that seriously impaired
the smooth running of government.

Answer 7

From 1392 onwards, King Charles VI of France became a serious
political problem for his country

Question 8

What did the insanity mean for France

Answer 8

This crisis led to various
dukes, notably those of Burgundy and Orléans, running their own
areas as independent states and vying with each other for control
at the French court.

Question 9

A particularly bitter struggle developed in the

early 15th century between who?

Answer 9

John, duke of Burgundy (Charles VI’s

nephew) and Louis, duke of Orléans (Charles VI’s younger
brother) , the latter effectively being regent in France at the time.

Question 10

What happened as a result of this bitter struggle in 1407

Answer 10

matters reached a head and Duke John arranged the murder
of the duke of Orléans, who was brutally killed by a group of paid
assassins. This led to massive tension

Question 11

What were the supporters of Orléans called

Answer 11

the Armagnacs

Question 12

Although
there was a formal reconciliation between Duke John and Louis’
supporters, they were still at loggerheads. How did the Eng use this

Answer 12

Henry V
of England chose to exploit this situation once he came to the
throne in 1413, planning an invasion of France in part assuming
that the divisions in the French camp would ensure that his enemy
was unable to present a united response to the English assault.

Question 13

Overtures mean

Answer 13

an approach or proposal made to someone with the aim of opening negotiations or establishing a relationship

Question 14

When did Henry conquer Normandy

Answer 14

Between 1417 and 1419, Henry V conquered Normandy

Question 15

When was Henry the clear victor and what showed this

Answer 15

and on 19 January 1419 he was the clear victor,
having captured Rouen, the castle that was traditionally held by
the dukes of Normandy.

Question 16

What did Henry do to consolidate his Normandy victory

Answer 16

he began
diplomatic overtures towards both the French royal court and the
Burgundians.

Question 17

He was greatly assisted in his negotiations by

Answer 17

serious
domestic problems faced by the French government as, at this
time, Charles VI was incapacitated and there was considerable
friction at court between Queen Isabella and the Dauphin
Charles, with both seeking to control the kingdom.

Question 18

What also helped negotiations that included the duke of Burgundy

Answer 18

The duke of Burgundy resented French claims of sovereignty over
his Duchy. Fortunately for Henry, there was deep-seated distrust
between the dauphin (who was supported by the Armagnacs)
and the Burgundians.

Question 19

What increased the tension between the dauphin (who was supported by the Armagnacs) and the Burgundians.

Answer 19

This hostility was dramatically increased on 10 September 1419 when the various French parties agreed to meet at Montereau to discuss possible ways to deal with the
English. This meeting, however, ended in disaster when John the
Fearless was murdered by the Armagnacs in revenge for the 1407
killing of Louis, duke of Orléans.

Question 20

Armagnacs in revenge for the 1407
killing of Louis, duke of Orléans. This fresh assassination was
carried out by two of the dauphin’s men and very possibly with
his full knowledge and agreement. Therefore,

Answer 20

Duke John’s heir,
Philip the Good, immediately broke off any negotiations with the
dauphin and instead formed an alliance with the English.

Question 21

Why was the Anglo-Burgundian alliance crucial to the continuing
success of Henry V’s conquest of France.

Answer 21

preventing a
French-Burgundian alliance was important because would have been a formidable force and it meant
that Philip the Good supported Queen Isabella’s faction in the
French court- group was much more inclined to come to terms
with the English and accept a treaty and marriage between Henry V
and the French princess, Catherine of Valois.

Question 22

Why was marriage to Catherine of Valois important

Answer 22

would unite the English and French crowns and would disinherit
the Dauphin Charles,

Question 23

When was Treaty of Troyes signed

Answer 23

1420

Question 24

To cement the

alliance with the Burgundians, what did Henry do?

Answer 24

Henry agreed to assist Philip the
Good in waging war against the Armagnacs, which was to be part
of his revenge for the murder of John the Fearless.

Question 25

Why was Henry cementing the alliance in this way advantageous to him?

Answer 25

This agreement
was obviously advantageous to the English, as it was clear that
Henry would face a considerable challenge to his authority in
France from those who wished to see the dauphin crowned

Question 26

When did Henry V die and what happened to the Anglo-Burgundian alliance after this?

Answer 26

1422 and the Anglo-Burgundian alliance survived.

Question 27

When and what was the first military challenger to the Anglo-Burgundian alliance?

Answer 27

1423 at the Battle of Cravant, when
it fought the dauphin’s forces who were invading Burgundy. The
alliance was successful, despite being significantly outnumbered.

Question 28

When did the 1420 successes of the alliance start to end

Answer 28

altered
in 1429 when the French gained new charismatic leadership
from Joan of Arc,

Question 29

How did Joan of Arc bring about a more serious challenge

Answer 29

With her guidance, Dauphin was crowned King Charles VII of France in Reims

Question 30

From this dauphin Joan of arc event on, what did

Duke Philip of Burgundy do?

Answer 30

began to engage in short, regional truces with the dauphin that increased military pressure on the English.

Question 31

When and how did the Anglo-Burgundian alliance come under further strain?

Answer 31

The alliance then came under increasing strain in 1434 when Pope
Eugenius IV granted formal recognition to Charles VI’s kingship.
According to the historian A. Compton Reeves, by mid-1434 Duke
Philip was seriously contemplating breaking the alliance when the
moment was advantageous.

Question 32

What did Philip do in early 1435?

Answer 32

Philip met messengers
for King Charles at Nevers and came to a preliminary peace
agreement with the French.

Question 33

What happened at the Congress of Arras

Answer 33

Formalised peace agreement with Charles and Philip. delegates from the English
government and the pope were invited, although the English
ambassadors withdrew part way through negotiations in protest at
the demands of the French that Henry VI should abandon his claim
to the French throne

Question 34

What did Duke Philip gain from his change of alliance and why was this a critical blow to the English

Answer 34

Considerable territory from French This was a critical blow for English hopes of consolidating a dual English and French monarchy, as evidenced by the fall of Paris to the French April 1436