4A- Genes and Chromosomes Flashcards
Eukaryotes have DNA that is…
Linear
Wound tightly around histones
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA but not associated with histones
Prokaryotes have DNA that is…
Shorter
Circular
Condensed by supercoiling
What is a gene?
A sequence of DNA bases that codes for either a polypeptide or functional RNA
Amino acids form what structure of a protein?
The primary structure
The order of bases determine…
The order of amino acids in a polypeptide which leads to their primary structure.
What is functional RNA?
A molecule that performs special tasks during protein synthesis.
Eg. tRNA
What is a genome compared to a proteome?
A genome is the complete set of genes in the cell.
A proteome is the full range of proteins that the cell is able to produce.
What are introns?
Parts of eukaryotic DNA that don’t code for amino acids.
They are removed during protein synthesis
What are exons ?
Parts of the gene that code for amino acids
What are alleles
Genes that code for a different version of the same polypeptide
Eg. Eye colour
Alleles coding for the same characteristic will be found in a fixed position (locus)
What are homologous pairs?
Pairs of matching chromosomes
