4A - Flavoring Flashcards
Flavours involves combination of what?
taste
smell
touch
sight
Is a taste map a real thing?
-no, it’s a misconception that the tongue has specific zones for each flavor
Describe the myth of the tongue map
back tastes bitter
back sides taste sour
front sides taste salt
tip of tongue tastes sweet
What are taste papillae
They are wart-like bumps under the mucous membrane of the tongue
What do taste papillae do?
increase surface area of the tongue and contain sensory cells arranged to look like a bud
Receptors for sweet, bitter, and umami are ??
G protein-coupled receptors
Receptor for salty is ??
Na+ channel
Receptor for sour is ??
unknown
Children like ___-flavored products
fruit
Adults prefer ____-flavored products
acidic (sour)
Elders like ____-flavored products
mint
Sweet taste is associated with ____ groups
hydroxyl
____ are also very sweet
Imides
Sour taste is associated with presence of ??
H+ ions
resulting from dissociation of acids like citric acid
Salty tastes associated with ??
inorganic salts
What is bitter taste brought on by?
fundamentally different substances
Bitterness often seen with ____ functional groups
amine
Umami taste caused by?
glutamic acid or aspartic acid
Is hot a taste?
No it’s a pain signal/response
Possible flavours to hide or support taste for Salty:
citrus, fruit, butterscotch, maple
Possible flavours to hide or support taste for Bitter:
wild cherry, walnut, chocolate-mint, liquorice, chocolate
Possible flavours to hide or support taste for Sweet:
fruit, berry, vanilla
Possible flavours to hide or support taste for Acid:
citrus, fruit
When would an artificial sweetener be better than a sweetening agent?
If the sweetening agent raises blood sugar or increases caloric intake
Some antibiotics can cause a ____ taste
metallic
ACE inhibitors can cause what tastes?
metallic
sweet
salty
Taste buds require ___ as a cofactor
zinc
____ __________ can chelate zinc and prevent it from interacting with the receptors on the taste buds
ACE inhibitors (ex. captopril)
____-_____ drugs can bind zinc and lead to altered taste sensation
anti-thyroid (ex. propylthiouracil)
How can calcium channel blockers affect taste?
(ex. nifedipine) can alter taste perhaps by inhibition of calcium channels right at the taste receptors
____ is needed to dissolve food so that it can interact with taste receptors so any drug that causes a dry mouth can impair taste bud function
saliva
The sleeping aid zopiclone causes a _____ taste in a bout 30% of people
metallic
With age, the number of taste buds is ____ meaning taste problems can be more noticeable in older people
reduced
Part of taste is aroma, so for example a cold, can plug the nose and ____ taste sensation
reduce
Mouth infections can also be problematic for taste
okay
Commonly used artificial sweetening agents include ?
stevia
aspartame
acesulfame
saccharin
What can sodium chloride do?
reduce sourness and/or bitterness
Fruit flavours can be enhanced by the addition of ?
citric acid
Dogs and cats like salty tastes so adding ____ ____ can be helpful
sodium chloride
