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MEDDIET 4900 > 4900 C6 Anthropometry > Flashcards

4900 C6 Anthropometry Flashcards

1
Q

Anthropometry

A

The measurement of body size, weight, & proportions.

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2
Q

Frankfort horizontal plane

A

Represented by a line between the lowest point on the margin of the orbit & the tragion.

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3
Q

Recumbent length

A

Generally used for children 0 to 24 months, child is supine. Head must be in Frankfort horizontal plane.

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4
Q

Stature

A

Standing height

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5
Q

stadiometer

A

Subject should be barefoot, facing forward, feet against wall, heels together, head in Frankfort plane, body in contact with stadiometer.

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6
Q

parallax

A

A difference in the apparent reading of a measurement scale when viewed from various points not in a straight line with the eye.

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7
Q

Head circumference

A

The lower edge of the tape should be positioned just above the eyebrows, above the ears, and around back of head over the occiput.

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8
Q

Infant weight is recorded to the nearest ?

A

10g, children and adults to nearest 100g

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9
Q

Growth Reference

A

A chart based on anthropometric measures performed on a large group of infants & children in a particular place & time. Describes what is, or exists, not what is ideal.

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10
Q

Growth Standard

A

Chart created using anthropometric data collected from a large group of infants & children who are growing under optimal conditions. Describes what should be.

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11
Q

Overweight

A

A body weight greater than some reference point that is usually defined in relation to height.

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12
Q

Obesity

A

An excess amount of body fat in relation to lean body mass.

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13
Q

Hamwi equations

A

Men: 106lb. for first 5ft + 6lb. for each in over 5ft ± 10%. Women: 100lb. for first 5ft. + 5lb. for each in. over 5ft ± 10%.

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14
Q

Measuring elbow breadth

A

Subject stands erectly, right upper arm extended forward perpendicular to the body. Forearm is flexed to 90º angle, palm facing subject.

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15
Q

Formula for determining frame size

A

r=H/C. Where r is the ratio of ht to wrist circumference. H & C in cm

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16
Q

relative weight

A

A person’s actual weight / some reference weight x 100

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17
Q

Quetelet’s indes

A

W/H^2. aka. body mass index

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18
Q

nomogram

A

A graphic device with several vertical scales allowing calculation of certain values when a straightedge is connected between two scales and the desired value is read from a 3rd scale.

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19
Q

Waist-to-Hip ratio

A

(WHR). Calculated by dividing the waist circumference by the hip (or gluteal) circumference. <0.8 for females.

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20
Q

How to measure waist circumference

A

Locate top of right iliac crest, place measuring tape in horizontal plane around abdomen at the level of the iliac crest.

21
Q

“high risk” waist circumference

A

> 40 in (102cm) in males. >35 in (88cm) in females. Also useful in evaluating success of weight loss, not applicable to those <60 in.

22
Q

Two-compartment model

A

Body is divided into 2 compartments. Fat mass & fat free mass.

23
Q

Four compartment model

A

Body is composed of 4 chemical groups: water, protein, mineral, fat.

24
Q

Skinfolds should be taken on which side of the body?

A

Right.

25
Q

proximal

A

Towards the center of the body

26
Q

distal

A

Away from the center of the body.

27
Q

8 most common skinfold sites

A

Chest, triceps, sub-scapular, midaxillary, suprailiac, abdomen, thigh, medial calf

28
Q

Weight of Fat =

A

Total body weight X % body fat

29
Q

Fat-free weight =

A

Total body weight - Fat weight

30
Q

Target weight =

A

% fat-free weight ÷ (100 - desired % body fat)

31
Q

Densitometry

A

Assessing body composition by measuring the density of the entire body. D = m/V

32
Q

hydrostatic

A

underwater weighing

33
Q

Assumed density of fat and fat-free mass

A

fat mass = 0.90 g/cm^3. fat-free mass = 1.10 g/cm^3

34
Q

Body density =

A

WA ÷ [(WA-WW)/DW - (RV+VGI)] WA = body weight in air; WW = body weight in water; DW = density of water; RV = residual lung V; VGI = V of gas in GI tract.

35
Q

Total body fat formula (from TBW)

A

= Body wt - [TBW/0.732]

36
Q

C1V1 = C2V2

A

Formula for finding TBW when using a dilution technique.

37
Q

Neutron Activation Analysis

A

Allows measurement of the body’s content of Ca, I, H, Na, Cl, P, C, & N. N is a major component of muscle, so muscle and non-muscle mass can be estimated.

38
Q

3-methylhistidine

A

AA found in actin & myosin. Is released when muscle protein is catabolized & can be measured in urine. Should be proportional to muscle mass.

39
Q

Electrical Conductance

A

Based on marked difference in electrolyte content between fat & fat-free tissue. Body’s fat-free mass has a greater electrical conductivity due to electrolytes.

40
Q

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)

A

Opposition to an alternating current. Fat and cell membranes do not conduct electricity. Dehydration = overestimation of fat mass.

41
Q

Total Body Electrical Conductivity (TOBEC)

A

The degree to which a body placed in an electromagnetic field (EMF) disrupts that field is closely related to the amount of fat-free mass.

42
Q

Infrared Interactance

A

method for measuring body composition. Based on scattering and absorption properties of materials.

43
Q

Ultrasound

A

Transducer converts electrical energy into high-frequency sound and converts that sound back into electrical energy.

44
Q

Computed Tomography (CT)

A

Produces highly detailed cross-sectional images of the body resulting from differences in the transmission of an X-ray beam through body tissues of differing density.

45
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging. Allows both imaging of the body, & in vivo chemical analysis. Can be used to monitor metabolic functions of some tissues & organs.

46
Q

Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA)

A

bone mineral density & analysis of body composition.

47
Q

How to convert inches to centimeters?

A

inches X 2.54 = cm

48
Q

How to convert pounds to kilograns

A

pounds / 2.2 = kilograms

MEDDIET 4900 (6 decks)

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