4.8 Periodic Trends Flashcards
What is the shielding effect?
the masking and weakening of the electrostatic attraction between the nucleus and outer electrons by the inner electrons
How is atomic radius effected moving through the periodic table?
left to right the atomic radii decreases
moving down the atomic radii increases
What is ionization energy?
the amount of energy necessary to remove the least tightly bound electron from an isolated atom
How is ionization energy effected moving through the periodic table?
left to right it increases
moving up it increases
What is electron affinity?
energy associated with the addition of an electron to an isolated atom
When is electron affinity negative? Positive?
negative = energy is released
positive = energy is required
What is electron affinity effected when moving through the periodic table?
more negative as we move right and up
What is electronegativity?
measure of an atoms ability to pull electrons to itself when it forms a covalent bond
How is electronegativity effected when moving through the periodic table?
increases as we move right and up
What is acidity?
measure of how well a compound donates a proton, accepts and electron, or lowers pH in a chemical system
How is acidity effected when moving through the periodic table?
increase when moving right and down
