Ch. 2 AP Human Geography (Populations)

Question 0

LDC

Answer 0

A country that has low levels of average wealth, industrialization and modernization and often high levels of population growth which limits their ability to provide food, shelter,and clothing to their people. and a percentage of people employed in agriculture, Examples are sub-SaharaN Africa, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Latin America.

Question 1

MDC

Answer 1

Countries with higher levels of per capita income, industrialization and modernization.they usually have lower levels of population growth due to the fact that they have less children. The developed region includes all of Europe, Canada, the U.S., Australia, Japan, New Zealand and the USSR

Question 2

Demography

Answer 2

The scientific study of population characteristics. Looks at how people are distributed spatially and by age, gender, fertility, health etc. etc.

Question 3

Overpopulation

Answer 3

A value judgement based on the relationship between the number of people on Earth, and the availability of resources.Problems result when an area’s population exceeds the capacity of the environment to support them at an acceptable standard of living.

Question 4

East Asia

Answer 4

World region with the largest population concentration; includes China(5/6 of pop. ), Japan, North and South Korea (>1.5 billion people). Ribbon-like extensions of dense population (clustered near rivers; majority of people are farmers) especially in China, however in Japan and Korea the majority are urbanites.

Question 5

South Asia

Answer 5

World region with second largest major concentration; includes India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka (1.5 billion). Also ribbon (finger)-like extensions of dense population (e.g. Ganges River and Indus River in India) also pop. is clustered on the coastlines near the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea, majority are farmers as well.

Question 6

Europe

Answer 6

World Region that contains 3rd largest population cluster. 4 dozen countries, 3/4 live in cities , largest concentration are near the coalfields of England, Germany, and Belgium. Temperate climate, Manufacturing and importation of food.

Question 7

Eastern North America

Answer 7

Largest population concentration in the western hemisphere is the northeastern US and southeastern Canada. (urban dwellers…less than 5% are farmers), 2% of Worlds total population.

Question 8

Southeast Asia

Answer 8

World Region that is 4th most populous with around 600 million people, it includes islands of Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Papua New Guinea, and the Phillippines ,largest population concentration is on Java(100 million) which is part of Indonesia. Ribbon like clusters around rivers in and around Indochina, Majority farmers in rural areas.

Question 9

Cartogram

Answer 9

Map in which some thematic mapping variable is substituted for land area (e.g., GDP, population, climate)

Question 10

Ecumene

Answer 10

The proportion of earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement. This is important because it tells how much of the land has been built upon and how much land is left for us to build on. Has gradually increased over time.

Question 11

Dry Lands

Answer 11

One of the 4 most sparsely populated regions in the world, has large desert regions. The 2 biggest lie in the Northern Hemisphere between 15 and 50 north latitude and the Southern Hemisphere between 20 and 50 south latitude. Includes Gobi, Sahara, Thar, Arabian, and Takla Makan deserts. Usually contains large amount of oil reserves.

Question 12

Wet Lands

Answer 12

One of the 4 most sparsely populated regions in the world, receive a very large level of precipitation that may not be suitable for human conditions, along with heat that rapidly depletes nutrients from the soil. May however be good for rice cultivation as it is in some parts of Southeast Asia.

Question 13

Cold Lands

Answer 13

One of the 4 most sparsely populated regions in the world, lands covered in ice; mainly at the poles, permafrost prevents agriculture, few animals can survive, and few humans can live here

Question 14

Permafrost

Answer 14

permanently frozen layer of soil beneath the surface of the ground

Question 15

High Lands

Answer 15

One of the 4 most sparsely populated regions in the world,, high elevations not suitable for farming; such as mountains, few people live at high elevations with the exception of areas in Latin America(Mexico City) and some parts of Africa

Question 16

Arithmetic Density

Answer 16

The total number of people divided by the total land area, also called population density.

Question 17

Physiological Density

Answer 17

The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture. The best measure between a population and the availability of resources in a society.

Question 18

Agricultural Density

Answer 18

The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture. Can show the the differences in technology between socities especially when comparing MDCs and LDCs.

Question 19

CBR

Answer 19

Crude Birth Rate, the total number of live births in a year for 1,000 people alive in a society

Question 20

CDR

Answer 20

(Crude death rate) The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

Question 21

NIR

Answer 21

Natural Increase Rate, the percentage growth of a population in a year computed as CBR - CDR, excludes migration.

Question 22

Doubling Time

Answer 22

The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase

Question 23

TFR

Answer 23

(total fertility rate) the number of children the average woman will bear during her reproductive lifetime. If less than 2.1 there will be a natural decline of population. Highest in Sub-saharan Africa and lowest in Europe/Russia.

Question 24

IMR

Answer 24

(infant mortality rate) The annual number of deaths of infants under one year of age, compared with total live births. Its is expressed as the annual number of deaths among infants per 1000 births rather than a percentage. This is important because it tell how developed a country is, if they have a high IMR they are an LDC and if it is low they are an MDC. Reflects a countries health care.

Question 25

Life Expectancy

Answer 25

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions , is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.

Question 26

Demographic Transition

Answer 26

The process of change in a society’s population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population. Barring a catastrophe it is also irreversible.

Question 27

Low Growth

Answer 27

The first stage of Demographic Transition is characterized by ____ . Most of Humanities existence has been spent in this stage where high CBR and CDRs are predominant, Population growth was caused in the later period as a result of the Neolithic Revolution and started the transition into stage two.

Question 28

High Growth

Answer 28

The 2nd stage of the Demographic Transition, officially started in Europe as a result of the Industrial Revolution in 1750, but did not occur in Africa, Asia, or Latin America until the Medical Revolution in about 1950. Characterized by a decreasing CDR and a high CBR.

Question 29

Medical Revolution

Answer 29

Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives. Allowed for the 2nd stage of demographic transition to occur in these areas around 1950.

Question 30

Industrial Revolution

Answer 30

the change from an agricultural to an industrial society and from home manufacturing to factory production, especially the one that took place in England from about 1750 to about 1850. Allowed Europe to enter in the 2nd stage of demographic transition.

Question 31

Moderate Growth

Answer 31

The 3rd stage of demographic transition, begins when CBR(reflected as a change in social and economic customs) begins to drop rapidly and the CDR rate continues to fall, resulting in _______. Most European countries moved into this stage in the 1st half of the 20th century.

Question 32

Low Growth

Answer 32

The 4th stage of demographic transition, is characterized mainly by zero population growth as the CBR nearly matches the CDR. Most European countries now are in this stage, but not the USA because of its diversity. Usually accompanies woman moving out of the household and the availability of birth control.

Question 33

ZPG

Answer 33

(Zero Population Growth) A decline of the total fertility rate(TFR) to the point(around 2.1) where the natural increase rate equals zero over the LONG term.

Question 34

Russia

Answer 34

A country that has a NEGATIVE population growth as a consequence of higher CDR’s brought on by inadequate pollution controls and low CBR’s due to family planning and a deep seated pessimism about having children as a result of a half century of communist rule.

Question 35

Population Pyramids

Answer 35

Visual representations of the age and sex composition of a population whereby the percentage of each age group is represented by a horizontal bar the length of which represents its relationship to the total population. The males in each age group are represented to the left of the center line of each horizontal bar. The females in each age group are represented to the right of the center line. Oldest group at top and youngest at the bottom.

Question 36

Dependency Ratio

Answer 36

The number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64, compared to the number of people active in the labor force.

Question 37

Sex Ratio

Answer 37

the number of males per 100 females. Varies widely among countries, In general slightly more males are born but males have higher death rates. is generally about 95 : 100 in MDCs BUT 102:100 IN LDCs.

Question 38

Census

Answer 38

A periodic and official count of a country’s population

Question 39

Thomas Malthus

Answer 39

Eighteenth-century English intellectual who warned that population growth threatened future generations because, in his view, population growth would always outstrip increases in agricultural production. (1766-1834) wrote “An Essay on the Principle of Population”. Wrong.

Question 40

Neo-Malthusians

Answer 40

A current proponent of this is the Club of Rome., contemporary researchers who worry about the rapid pace of population growth and believe that Malthus’s basic prediction could be true

Question 41

Club of Rome

Answer 41

German “think tank” that applied a computer model to peak production scenarios., founded in 1967. composed of economists and scientists who work to specify the economic and population growth in relation to the earth’s capacity. Often classified as melodramatic

Question 42

Friedrich Engels

Answer 42

Wrote “Condition of Working Class in England”; society’s problems caused by capitalism and competition. Colleague of Karl Marx. Argues that Malthus’s argument on overpopulation is a relic of capitalism.

Question 43

One Child Policy

Answer 43

Act in China that allows people to have only 1 child in the city and 2 children(if the first child is a girl or ethnic minority) in the countryside created in 1980