Ch. 5 AP Human Geography (Language) Flashcards
Literary tradition
A language that is written as well as spoken; system of written communication. NOT all languages have this.
Language
A system of communication through the use of speech, a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning
Norman invasion
Began in 1066 with the invasion of the Kingdom of England by the troops of William, Duke of Normandy, and his victory at the Battle of Hastings. This resulted in french being the official language for 150 years after, despite the fact that most people could not understand it.
official language
In multilingual countries the language selected, often by the educated and politically powerful elite, to promote internal cohesion; usually the language of the courts and government, should be understood by majority of citizens but might not be.
English
The language that is the official language of 42 languages(The most) and is spoken by half a billion people. However almost 1/3 of the people on Earth live in a place where it is an official language.
Noah Webster
Creator of the 1st comprehensive American dictionary and grammar book. His quest was to set American English apart from British English and involved taking “u”’s off ans substituting “s” for c. Major reason why American spelling is different from British spelling,
German invasion
Around A.D. 450 , tribes from _________ (mainly) and Denmark invaded England. They consisted of the Jutes, Angles, and Saxons. Was the beginning of English. Divergence form German because of invasions of the French and Vikings.
King John
During the reign of this English Monarch, England lost control of Normandy and entered into a period of conflict with France. Same guy who signed Magna Carta.
Statue of Pleading
The 1362 law enacted by Parliament to change the official language of court business in England from French to English.
Dialect
A regional variation of a language which reflects environmental features and that is distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation. Usually speakers of one _______ can understand each other.
Standard Language
In a language that has multiple dialects, one dialect may be accepted as the __________ ___________. For example: Mandarin Chinese is the _________ _________ of Chinese, but there are 100’s of regional dialects.
British received pronunciation
Denoted BRP, This is the standard language of British speech. It is used by politicians, actors, and broadcasters and is associated with upper-class people in London.
Norman Invasion
The invasion of England in 1066, by William the Conqueror is called the _________ _______. Came from the Normandy region of France and made French the official language of elite in England, which lead to a further divergence of English from German.
language family
A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history.
language branch
A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago. Differences are not as extensive or old as with language families, and archaeological evidence can confirm that these derived from the same family.
Indo-European
A family of languages consisting of most of the languages of Europe as well as those of Iran, the Indian subcontinent, and other parts of Asia, 50% of people on Earth speak this, most of language families.
language group
A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary.
Indo-Iranian
The branch of the Indo-European language family with the most speakers, Persian, Hindi, Gujarati etc/
