4.5 Organic 1

Question 1

what is crude oil

Answer 1

A mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 2

what are hydrocarbons

Answer 2

A compound made up of only hydrogen and Carbon only

Question 3

what is the name of the process use to separate pure water from sea water

Answer 3

Simple Distillation

Question 4

Identify the method used to separate the dyes in a food colouring

Answer 4

Chromatography

Question 5

Identify the method use to obtain ethanol from a mixture of ethanol and water

Answer 5

Fractional Distillation

Question 6

Name the process used to separate potassium Nitrate from potassium nitrate solution

Answer 6

Crystallisation

Question 7

what is each fraction of crude oil

Answer 7

A mixture of similar Hydrocarbons with similar boiling points

Question 8

Name the 6 Fractions in crude oil

Answer 8

Refinery
Gasoline
Kerosene
Diesel
Fuel oil
Bitumen

Question 9

what is the use of each Fraction

Answer 9

Refinery- Cooking
Gasoline- Cars
Kerosene- Aircraft
Diesel- Trains
Fuel oil- Ships
Bitumen- Roads

Question 10

what happens as you go down the fraction list

Answer 10

the boiling point increases
Molecular mass increases
The colour gets darker down the list
Viscosity (thickness) increases down the list

Question 11

How does Fractional Distillation Work

Answer 11

1. Heated Crude oil vapours enter the column
2. Vapours rise until they reach their boiling point, when they condense.
3. Different Vapours condense at different heights due to their different boiling points
4. Similar vapours condense together as a fraction
5. Lower boiling points condense at the top
6. Higher boiling points condense at the bottom

Question 12

What are fractions

Answer 12

Are mixtures containing the hydrocarbons that boil in a particular temperature range.

Question 13

what are Alkanes

Answer 13

Alkanes are hydrocarbons that fit the general formula CnH2n+2

Question 14

what is the general formula for Alkanes

Answer 14

CnH2n+2

Question 15

what bonds join the c and H atoms

Answer 15

covalent bonds

Question 16

what does the name of each alkane show

Answer 16

the start shows how many carbon atoms it has

The end of the names is ane- which shows it is an alkane

Question 17

what is the molecular formula for Methane

Answer 17

CH4

Question 18

what is the molecular formula for Ethane

Answer 18

C2H6

Question 19

What is the molecular formula for Propane

Answer 19

C3H8

Question 20

what is the Molecular formula for Butane

Answer 20

C4H10

Question 21

What is the molecular formula for pentane

Answer 21

C5H12

Question 22

alkanes are what

Answer 22

Homologous series

Question 23

Because alkanes are homologous series what does this mean

Answer 23

Similar chemical reactions

trends in physical properties (boiling points, viscosity, colour)

The same general formula

same functional group

Question 24

What is the definition of Isomers

Answer 24

Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

Question 25

what are two types of combustion alkanes have

Answer 25

complete and incomplete

Question 26

what causes the outcome of the combustion

Answer 26

the oxygen available

Question 27

explain complete combustion

Answer 27

This occurs when there is excess oxygen it produces co2, H20

Question 28

what is the equation for alkane complete combustion

Answer 28

Alkane + oxygen-----> Carbon dioxide + water

Question 29

explain incomplete combustion

Answer 29

This occurs when there isn't enough oxygen instead of producing c02 this produces a nasty mixture of - carbon monoxide - soot (c) releases less energy so it makes the alkane less useful.

Question 30

what are the two toxic gases incomplete combustion releases and what is the negative effect of them.

Answer 30

carbon monoxide- a Toxic gas which lowers oxygen- carrying capacity in blood (irreversible) soot- which causes lung disease

Question 31

what are the three pollutants alkanes combustion releases into the atmosphere

Answer 31

Carbon dioxide (co2) Nitrogen oxides (NOx) Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

Question 32

what is the effect of carbon dioxide pollutants

Answer 32

this forms directly from the combustion of the alkane fuel it is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere and causes climate change

Question 33

what is the effect of Nitrogen oxide pollutants

Answer 33

family of compounds from when nitrogen from air combust nitrogen doesn't combust but car engines are really, really hot the nitrogen compounds dissolve in rain water to form acid rain

Question 34

what is the effect of acid rain

Answer 34

corrodes structures and is harmful to plant and aquatic , soil erosion

Question 35

what is the effect of Sulphur dioxide pollutants

Answer 35

like nitrogen it dissolves in rain water causing acid rain.

Question 36

what happens with alkanes when they react with halogens and what are the conditins required

Answer 36

- substitution - reaction requires UV light

Question 37

why is the reaction called substitution

Answer 37

because the H swaps with the Halogen

Question 38

why does a halogen and alkane reaction require UV light

Answer 38

Because the alkane is pretty unreactive produces energy

Question 39

what is cracking

Answer 39

cracking breaks down longer alkanes into smaller, more useful ones - crude oil contains longer alkanes - shorter alkanes are more useful - higer demand - Shorter alkanes are more flamable

Question 40

what the conditions needed for Cracking

Answer 40

Temperature 650c catalyst- aluminium oxide (Al2 O3)

Question 41

Are alkanes Saturated or unsaturated

Answer 41

Saturated because they don't have c=c double bonds

Question 42

Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated

Answer 42

Unsaturated as they have a C=C Double bond