3.3 Metals

Question 1

what are two things a structure of a metal has

Answer 1

A lattice of positive metal ions
A sea of delocalised electrons

Question 2

what is the definition of Metallic bonding

Answer 2

Metallic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between the positive metal ions and negative delocalised electrons

Question 3

describe features of metals

Answer 3

Malleable- Layers of metal ions which can slide over each other

conduct electricity
high melting point

Question 4

Why are metals malleable

Answer 4

They have layers of metal ions which can slide over each other when a force is applied

Question 5

what bonding does a metal have

Answer 5

Metallic

Question 6

is metallic bonding strong or weak

Answer 6

very strong

Question 7

what are Alloys

Answer 7

A mixture of a metal with one or more other elements, usually other metals or carbon

Question 8

Why are alloys harder than pure metals

Answer 8

Because they have different- sized atoms/ ions which prevent the layers from sliding over each other
- this means they are less malleable

Question 9

what observations could be made in a Metal + water reaction

Answer 9

Effervescence
solid disappears

Question 10

What observations can be made in a Displacement reaction

Answer 10

• vary
• Solid changes colour
• Solution changes colour

Question 11

What are two observations to be made in an Acid + Metal reaction

Answer 11

Metal disappears
Fizzing

Question 12

What is the test for Hydrogen

Answer 12

Lit splint- Squeaky pop

Question 13

As you go down the periodic table what happens

Answer 13

The reactivity level increase as the number of occupied electron shells increase,
the attraction between the electrons and the positive nuclei is weaker making it easer to gain or loose electrons

Question 14

What is reduction in terms of oxygen

Answer 14

loss of oxygen

Question 15

What is reduction agent in terms of oxygen

Answer 15

takes away oxygen from something else

Question 16

what is oxidation in terms of oxygen

Answer 16

The gain of oxygen

Question 17

What is oxidising agent in terms of oxygen

Answer 17

gives oxygen to something else

Question 18

what is the definition of Rusting

Answer 18

The chemical process by which iron is oxidised to form rust

Question 19

what is the chemical name for rust

Answer 19

Hydrated iron (III) oxide

Question 20

What two substances are required for rusting

Answer 20

Oxygen
water (moisture)

Question 21

How can rusting be prevented

Answer 21

Using barriers
Sacrificial protection
Galvanising

Question 22

what is the barrier method for preventing rust

Answer 22

Coating iron in paint, oil grease or plastic

prevents the iron from coming into contact with oxygen or water

only works as long as the coating is in direct contact with the iron

Question 23

What is the sacrificial method for preventing rust

Answer 23

Attach a block of more reactive metal (e.g. magnesium) to the iron

this works by displacing the iron from rust as soon as the rust forms

Question 24

What is the Galvanising method of preventing rust

Answer 24

This method specifically involves coating the iron in zinc

Prevents exposure to oxygen or water

zinc is more reactive than iron so even when it cracks it acts as sacrificial protection as well