Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HDID 2 > 45 Anaerobes I > Flashcards

45 Anaerobes I Flashcards

1
Q

anaerobes fail to grow on the surface of what?

A

solid media in air (18% O2) supplemented w/5-10% CO2

moderate anaerobe: 2-8% O2 (eg propionibacterium, clostridium)

strict anaerobe:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

probiotics containing anaerobes (eg _____ & _______) are ingested by many people to maintain indigenous anaerobe flora.

A

lactobacilli, bifidobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

majority of anaerobic infections are endogenous or exogenous?

A

endogenous, but most exogenous infections are caused by clostridia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q 
what is the disease assoc w/each?:
C.tetani
C.botulinum
C.perfringens
C.difficile
A

C.tetani - tetanus

C.botulinum - botulism

C.perfringens - food poisoning, cellulitis, myositis, myonecrosis

C.difficile - diarrhea, pseudomembraneous colitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

body parts w/highest [Anaerobes]?

A

teeth, gingiba, colon, vagina (not stomach because of acidic pH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which anaerobic bacteria is the outlier that colonizes the skin?

A

propironibacterium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

infection w/a facultative anaerobe does what to anaerobes?

A

uses up the already diminished O2 supply and thus encouraces growth of obligate anaerobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

clinical and lab clues for anaerobic infections?

A
  • foul odor from lesion or discharge
  • infection near mucosal surface
  • tissue necrosis, gangrene, abscess formation w/gas
  • assoc w/malignancy
  • diarrhea assoc w/Abx tx
  • massive hemolysis
  • sulfur granules in discharge
  • unique gram stain morphology
  • fail to grow aerobically
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

problems w/identification of anaerobic infections?

A
  • derived from normal flora - is it a pathogen or contaminant? Tell by clinical sxs
  • death by air
  • slow growth of orgs (due to inefficiency of fermentation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

appropriate specimens for anaerobic cx?

A
  • collected in a sterile manner
  • tissue biopsies, surgical specimens, needle aspirates, blood

NOT: contaminated w/orgs colonizing the skin and mucosal surfaces like swabs, sputum, or urines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

anaerobic, non-spore forming GP rods?

A

actinomyces, lactobacillus, mobiluncus, propionibacterium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

anaerobic GP cocci?

A

peptostreptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

peptostreptococcus disease?

A

Polymicrobial infections:

  • Sinusitis, pleuropulm infecteions, brain abscesses
  • intraabd. Infections
  • endometritis, pelvic abscesses
  • cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis
  • osteomyelitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

peptostreptococcus treatment?

A
  • usu susceptible to penicillin but tx should cover all orgs of infection – generally combination therapy: beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor, can include metronidazole combined w/extended spectrum cephalosporin, aminoglycoside, or FQ
  • empiric therapy adjusted when results of susceptibility tests available
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

actinomyces general characteristics?

A
  • delicate filamentous structure

- sulfur granules colony

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

actinomyces pathogenesis?

A
  • chronic lesions that become suppurative and form abscesses connected by sinus tracts
  • involves disruption of mucosal barrier (surgery like dental procedures/GI surgery, trauma, aspiration, foreign body like IUD, diverticulitis, appendicitis)
17
Q

actinomyces disease?

A

Actinomycosis

  • cerebral
  • cervicofacial
  • thoracic
  • abdominal
  • pelvic

Chronic infection w/relapsing/remitting course assoc w/abscess, draining sinuses, fibrosis

  • often mistaken for malignancy
18
Q

actinomyces treatment?

A

Abx: penicicllin; erythromycin or clindamycin

Surgical debridement (liver is highly vascular, thus [Abx] is high enough and don’t need debridement)

19
Q

lactobacillus general characteristics?

A

long, thin GP rods (non-spore-forming)

mostly clinically insignificant (found in probiotics)

20
Q

lactobacillus disease?

A

may cause septicemia in immunocompromised or endocarditis in ppl w/underlying valve abnormalities

  • bloodstream infection of lactobacillus causing endocarditis
21
Q

lactobacillus treatment?

A

Abx: high [penicillin] and gentamicin (pcn or a combo of Abx) – bacteria resistant to vancomycin

22
Q

mobiluncus general characteristics?

A

curved rod, GN or G-variable

colonizes genital tract

23
Q

mobiluncus disease? dx? tx?

A
  • multiplies to high numbers in women w/ bacterial vaginosis (may be impt cause or marker of disease)
  • clue cells suggest Dx of BV
  • tx of BV w/metronidazole (even though Mobiluncus itself is resistant)
24
Q

propionibacterium general characteristics?

A

clumps of short rods

- most commonly isolated anaerobe in microbiology lab

25
Q

propionibacterium disease and treatment?

A
  • acne
  • invasive infections in pts w/indwelling foreign bodies: prosthetic heart valves, prosthetic joints, indwelling catheters
  • topical benzoyl peroxide
  • penicillin, tetracyclines, erythromycin, clindamycin
26
Q

bacteroides fragillis general characteristics?

A

anaerobic GN rod w/LPS but lacks endotoxin activity

most common clinically significant anaerobe

grows easily in culture (pleimorphic GNRs w/inflammatory cells)

27
Q

B.fragilis virulence?

A

polysaccharide capsule prevents phagocytosis and stimulates abscess formation

other factors too

28
Q

B.fragilis disease? dx? treatment?

A

abscess formation:

  • intraabdominal infections
  • PID and endometritis
  • surgical wound infections
  • S/ST infections after surgery or trauma

dx: grows well in culture, always consider post-op (tends to be necrotic and thus crepitus present)

tx: - resistant to penicillins
- metronidazole plus active vs other organisms in infection (polymicrobial)
- surgical debridement

29
Q

fusobacterium general characteristics?

A

anaerobic GNR

  • normal flora of oropharynx, GI and GU, long, filamentous
30
Q

fusobacterium pathogenesis?

A
  • untreated dental caries extend to dental alveoli and result in osteomyelitis or may spread into mandible
  • spreads to thorax via parapharyngeal spaces
31
Q

fusobacterium disease?

A
  • acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (“trench mouth”)
  • pharyngitis, tonsillitis (Vincent’s angina)
  • Jugular venous thrombophlebitis (Lemierre’s syndrome) = pharyngitis complicated by peritonsillar abscess w/subsequent spread through pharyngeal spaces inferiorly  into internal jugular  localized thrombophlebitis  clots embolize to other organs (**lung) and form abscesses at those sites
32
Q

fusobacterium treatment?

A
  • penicillin and clindamycin

For Lemierre’s: B-lactam-B-lactamase inhibitor and debridement of abscess

HDID 2 (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions