4.4 Summary Flashcards
1
Q
What was the Nazi Social Policy based on the concept of?
A
A ‘people’s community’ or volksgemeinschaft
2
Q
What was the first aim of the volksgemeinschaft?
A
1) To create a society where Germany is more important than the individual
3
Q
What was the second aim of the volksgemeinschaft?
A
2) Fuhrerprincip - Obey Hitler’s word as supreme leader
4
Q
What was the third aim of the volksgemeinschaft?
A
3) Racial purity
5
Q
What was the fourth aim of the volksgemeinschaft?
A
4) Preparation for war
6
Q
What did the ‘people’s community’ or volksgemeinschaft mean?
A
- The nation would be unified by blood, race and ideology
- There would be no opposition
- All ‘national comrades’ would be fit and healthy, loyal to the Fuhrer, show self-discipline and be ready to make personal sacrifices
- The Nazis aimed to create a new German man and new German woman
7
Q
What was the starting point for creating the Volksgemeinschaft?
A
- The starting point for creating the Volksgemeinschaft was Germany’s young people
8
Q
How were young people to be indoctrinated?
A
- Young people were to be indoctrinated through the education system and through Nazi youth organisations
9
Q
In schools, what did nazis remove? Name the law that enforced this
A
- The Nazis removed teachers who were deemed to be politically unreliable or who were Jewish under the Law for the Re-establishment of a Professional Civil Service (1933)
10
Q
What did the Nazis place a strong emphasis on in schools?
What did this emphasis reflect?
A
- Nazis placed a strong emphasis on PE and military drill in schools
- This reflected the Nazis’ obsession with racial ‘health’ and war
11
Q
Why was control over the curriculum important?
A
- Control over the curriculum and issuing new textbooks ensured that schools became a channel for the Nazi indoctrination of youth
12
Q
What happened to teachers in Universities?
A
- Teachers who were deemed politically unreliable or who were Jewish were dismissed
13
Q
What percentage of women had access to available university places?
A
- 10% of women were limited to the uni places
14
Q
What percentage of Jews had access to available University place?
A
- 1.5%
15
Q
What were University students expected to join? and do?
A
- University students were expected to join the Students’ League and they were expected to do four months of labour service
16
Q
What did the Nazis believe the benefit of labour service was for University students?
A
- Labour service would give students experience of real life, considered by the Nazis to be more important than academic learning
17
Q
What happened to youth organisation when the Nazis came to power in 1933?
A
- All other Youth organisation, except those linked to the Catholic Church, were either banned or taken over by the Hitler Youth
18
Q
What was the significance of banning all other Youth Organisations?
A
- The Nazi’s own youth movement ‘Hitler Youth’ begins to flourish
19
Q
When were Catholic Youth Groups banned?
A
- 1936
20
Q
What was the emphasis of activity in the Hitler Youth?
A
- Emphasis of activity in the Hitler Youth were on political indoctrination, physical activity and military drill.
21
Q
When was Hitler Youth membership compulsory?
A
- It was made compulsory in 1939
22
Q
What did the League of German Girls (BDM) prepare girls for?
A
- prepared girls for their future role as housewives and mothers
23
Q
When was membership of the League of German Girls made compulsory?
A
- it was made compulsory in 1939
24
Q
In what ways had Nazi policies towards young people been successful?
A
- The regime had succeeded in bringing schools and universities under their control
- By 1939, the Hitler Youth and the League of German girls were the only legal youth movements and membership was compulsory
25
In what ways had Nazi policies towards young people fail?
- Attendance at Hitler Youth meetings began to slip after 1936
- Re-emergence of 'youth cliques' indicated that youthful desire for independent activity had not been extinguished
26
Brief sentence of how the Nazi regime established control over the school system
- The Nazi regime established control over the school system in two ways:
control over teachers
control over the curriculum
27
What were teachers pressured into joining? Was their any opposition
- Teachers were pressured into joining the Nationalist Socialist Teachers' League (NSLB)
- Most teachers were willing to comply with the regime's demands
28
What did Historian Joachim Fest claim about the teaching profession?
Historian Joachim Fest had claimed that 'the teaching profession was one of the most politically reliable sections of the population'
29
What happened in German lessons?
- In German lessons, the aim was to install a 'consciousness of being German' through the study of Nordic sagas and other traditional stories
30
What happened in Biology lessons?
- There was a stress on race and heredity - strong emphasis on evolution and the survival of the fittest
31
What happened in Geography lessons?
- Geography lessons were used to develop awareness of the concepts of Lebensraum ('living space'), 'blood and soil' and German racial superiority.
- Atlases implicitly supported the concept of 'one people, one reich'
32
Did the Nazis encounter resistance to their policies of bringing universities under their control?
- Nazis encountered very little resistance
- Coordination was made easier by the voluntary self-coordination of many faculties
- Even in the Weimar period, the universities had been dominated by nationalist and anti-democratic attitudes and traditional student fraternities were a breeding ground for reactionary politics.
33
What were the Nazis able to tap into with Universities? What helped the nazis too?
- They were able to tap into pre-existing culture of extreme nationalism and infuse it with Nazi ideology
- This was helped by the fact that students were aware that their prospects of employment after higher education depended on showing outward support for the regime.
34
What law in 1936 gave the Hitler Youth Group the status of an official educational movement, equal in status to schools and the home?
- A Law for the incorporation of German Youth
35
What was there a consistent diet of in the Hitler Youth Group?
- There was a consistent diet of political indoctrination and physical activity
36
What was the Hitler Youth Motto?
- Boys from the age of 10 were taught the motto 'Live faithfully, fight bravely and die laughing'
37
What was the purpose of the youth activities?
- The emphasis on youth activities was on competition, struggle, heroism and leadership, as boys were prepared for their role as warriors
38
What was attractive to millions of German boys that was included in the Hitler Youth group?
- The opportunity to participate in sports and camping trips away from home
39
What did the Hitler Youth group emphasise about qualities?
- Struggle, sacrifice, loyalty and discipline
40
What was the League of German Girls motto? What did it prepare the girls for?
- Be faithful, be pure, be German
- It prepared girls for their future roles as housewives and mothers in the volksgemeinschaft
41
What were girls taught in the League of German Girls
- They were taught that they had a duty to be healthy since their bodies belonged to the nation
- instructed on how to be healthy
- emphasis on gymnastics and formation dancing
- girls were taught handicrafts, seeing and cooking
42
What were girls taught in the League of German Girls
- They were taught that they had a duty to be healthy since their bodies belonged to the nation
- instructed on how to be healthy
- emphasis on gymnastics and formation dancing
- girls were taught handicrafts, seeing and cooking
43
What were girls opinions of the League of German Girls?
- They found their experiences in the BDM liberating
- They were doing things that their mothers had not been allowed to do and they could escape from the constraints of home
44
What was expected of girls in 1934?
- Girls were expected to do a year's work on the land or in domestic service
45
What was the aim of making girls do a years work on land or in domestic service? was it popular?
- Its aim was to put girls in touch with their peasant roots and give them practical experience in child care
- it was very unpopular with girls from the city and many tried to avoid it
46
When was a year on land or in domestic service made compulsory for girls in the league of German Girls?
The scheme became compulsory in 1939
