4.4 - Glycolysis Flashcards
In which form(s) of respiration does glycolysis take part?
Aerobic and Anaerobic.
What is the first stage of glycolysis?
6-C glucose made more reactive by the addition of 2 phosphate molecules (phosphorylation). Comes from hydrolysis of 2 ATP molecules to ADP.
What is the end result of the first stage of glycolysis (Eact)?
Lowers the activation energy required for the enzyme-controlled reactions that follow.
What is the second stage of glycolysis?
Each phosphorylated glucose molecule is split into two 3-carbon triose phosphate molecules.
What is the third stage of glycolysis?
2 hydrogens are removed from each TP. Oxidised. Hydrogens transferred to NAD, forming reduced NAD.
What is the fourth stage of glycolysis?
Enzyme-controlled reactions convert each TP into another 3-C molecule: pyruvate. Each TP molecule causes the regeneration of 2 ATPs from ADP.
What is NAD?
A hydrogen carrier & co-enzyme.
What is the net product yield?
2 ATP. (4 produced: 2 used up in phosphorylation of glucose).
2 reduced NAD.
2 pyruvate.
Why is glycolysis a universal feature?
Occurs in every living organism.
Where does glycolysis occur? (thus, where are its enzymes)?
The cytoplasm. Requires no organelles or membranes.
Does glycolysis require oxygen?
No.
