4.4 - Definition 1st Flashcards
The living organisms and the environment with which they interact
Ecosystem
The natural environment where an organism lives
Habitat
The role of a species within an ecosystem
Niche
A group of similar organisms that can interbreed naturally to produce fertile offspring
Species
All of the individuals of the same species that live at the same place and time
Population
The living parts of an ecosystem, which includes the organisms and their effects on each other
Biotic Factors
An illness characterized by specific signs and symptoms
Disease
Competition between individuals of the same species (for example, for food or a mate)
Intra-specific Competition
Competition between members of different species (for example, predator-prey)
Inter-specific Competition
A method to estimate the population size of mobile species
Mark-release-recapture
A mathematical equation that can use the mark-release-recapture data to estimate the population size
Lincoln Index
A plastic or metal square that sets a standard unit of area for study of the distribution of marine organisms
Frame Quadrat
A rope or tape marked at regular intervals that sets standard distances for study or the distribution of marine organisms
Transect
A sampling method involving counting of species that touch the transect
Line Transect
Samples are taken along the whole length of the transect
Continuous Sampling
Samples are taken at fixed intervals along the transect
Systematic Sampling
A sampling method involving counting of species in frame quadrats placed adjacent to the transect
Belt Transect
Samples are taken at random places within the sample site
Random Sampling
Evaluates and chooses ways to protect the natural habitat under investigation
Ethical method
Identifies potential hazards and then reducing their risk of occurring
Safe Method
A graph of the distribution and abundance of organisms in the littoral zone that allows zonation patterns to be easily seen
Kite Graph
The number of species in a community
Richness
A measure of the relative abundance of the populations of different species in an area
Evenness
A biodiversity measure that accounts for both species richness and evenness
Simpson’s Index of Diversity (D)
There is no correlation between the two sets of variables
Null Hypothesis (H0)
An explanation of an observation that can be tested through experimentation
Hypothesis
When two sets of variables are plotted to indicate if there is a relationship between them
Scatter Graph
A mathematical tool used to find out if there is a correlation between two sets of variables, when they are not normally distributed
Spearman’s Rank Correlation
Indicate when the calculated Spearman’s rank is sufficient to suggest a correlation between the two sets of variables
Critical values of rs
There is a significant correlation between two sets of variables
Alternative Hypothesis
