4.4

Question 1

Prodrugs

Answer 1

only become pharmaceutically active once they are metabolized within cell

Question 2

Attachment Antagonists

Answer 2

Pleconaril

Question 3

Pleconaril

Answer 3

prevents attachment, exposure of RNA
- Enterovirus, Rhinovirus, potentially Hep A and Poliovirus

Question 4

Entry Inhibitors

Answer 4

Enfuvirtide

Question 5

Enfuvirtide

Answer 5

Binds to gp41 and inhibits HIV membrane fusion
* HIV gp41 is necessary for pulling virus closer to host cell to allow membrane fusion

Question 6

Uncoating Inhibtors

Answer 6

Amantadine and Rimantadine, Arildone

Question 7

Amantadine and Rimantadine

Answer 7

Interfere with Influenza virus protein M2 and breaks apart capsid, results in viral uncoating

Question 8

Arildone

Answer 8

Superglue to Polio capsid, preventing uncoating
AND HSV-2

Question 9

Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors

Answer 9

Acyclovir, Valaciclovir, Ganciclovir, Penciclovir, Adenosine arabinoside, Sofosbuvir, Ribavirin, NRTI’s

Question 10

Acyclovir, Valaciclovir, Ganciclovir, Penciclovir

Answer 10

Converted intracellularly by viral thymidine kinase, effective against EBV, CMV, HSV, VZV
- Prevent spread of virus, must get on right when symptoms show
- only viral DNA can convert into active form

Question 11

Adenosine arabinoside

Answer 11

Converted intracellularly by cellular kinases, effective against HSV and VZV
- Potential to mess with human cells

Question 12

Sofosbuvir

Answer 12

Prevents viral RNA replication, effective against HCV

Question 13

Ribavirin

Answer 13

RNA analog that binds and prevents RNA synthesis in Hantavirus, HCV, RSV

Question 14

Nucleoside analog Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitors

Answer 14

Nucleoside analogs that prevent DNA synthesis via reverse transcriptase
- Specific to Retro viruses

Question 15

Azidothymidine/Zidovudine and Tenofivir

Answer 15

NRTI, effective against HIV

Question 16

Entecavir

Answer 16

Effective against HBV

Question 17

Lamivudine

Answer 17

Effective against HIV and HBV

Question 18

Adefovir

Answer 18

Effective against HBV and HSV

Question 19

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

Answer 19

Fomivirsen, Darunavir and Fosamprenavir, Boceprevir and Telaprivir

Question 20

Fomivirsen

Answer 20

Antisense nucleic acids that bind to mRNA and prevent CMV
- For HIV patients w/ CMV

Question 21

Protease

Answer 21

Cleave individual proteins apart from one another to make mature viral proteins

Question 22

Darunavir and Fosamprenavir

Answer 22

Protease inhibitors specific to enzymes in HIV

Question 23

Boceprevir and Telaprevir

Answer 23

Protease inhibitors specific to enzymes in HCV

Question 24

Assembly Inhibitors

Answer 24

Ledipasvir

Question 25

Ledipasvir

Answer 25

Inhibitor in HCV that prevents assembly; everything synthesized but can't be put together

Question 26

Release Inhibitors

Answer 26

Oseltamivir and Zanamivir

Question 27

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and Zanamivir (Relenza)

Answer 27

Neuraminidase (leaves virus stuck to cell) inhibitors to prevent the spread of newly synthesized Influenza viruses

Question 28

Antiviral Resistance

Answer 28

1. Multiple strains 2. Fast reproduction rates 3. Little to no proof-reading ALL lead to very high mutation rates in viruses

Question 29

Combination Treatment

Answer 29

a means to reduce antiviral resistance

Question 30

HAART (ART)

Answer 30

Highly Active AntiRetroviral Therapy; minimum of three drugs and each targets different aspect to combat HIV

Question 31

What can ART cause if taken as prescribed?

Answer 31

viral suppression and undetectable viral load

Question 32

Why are vaccines so important?

Answer 32

The majority are against viruses, so people would likely not need antivirals if they are vaccinated. Herd immunity: when enough people are immunized against a disease, they can protect those who cannot be immunized

Question 33

Why has life expectancy increased?

Answer 33

1. Clean H2O 2. Antibiotics 3. Development of vaccines