4.4

Question 1

Ethics is an aspect of many professions that continues to evolve according to

Answer 1

societal and moral norms and legal provisions

Question 2

In the field of Psychology, ethics is heavily informed by

Answer 2

historical developments in medical research and practice more broadly

Question 3

The Nuremberg Code is a set of key principles for

Answer 3

human research ethics that was finalised as a result of the Nuremberg trials after World War II in 1947

Question 4

The code has been described as “the most

Answer 4

authoritative legal and human rights code on the subject of human experimentation

Question 5

The ‘‘World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects” is an official policy document of the World Medical Association that details

Answer 5

agreed provisions for medical research (Ashcroft, 2008)

Question 6

the Declaration of Helsinki arose due to

Answer 6

concerns from the World Medical Association (WMA) as to the human rights and medical ethics violations that had arisen during the second world war

Question 7

The Belmont Report was released in _____ , and arose from similar ethical and human rights concerns as the Nuremberg Code and the Declaration of Helsinki.

Answer 7

1979

Question 8

The Belmont Report sought to tie together the provisions for human research ethics under three broad principles

Answer 8

respect for persons, beneficence, and justice

Question 9

The use of these principles presented a particular advantage over previous frameworks in that it allowed for

Answer 9

the application of the principles to clinical practice, rather than purely human research contexts