4.3.8 Aggression

Question 1

Name 5 explanations of aggression

Answer 1

1. Social psychological explanation
2. Neural and hormonal mechanisms
3. Institutional aggression
4. Ethological explanation
5. Media and aggression

Question 2

What is aggression?

Answer 2

• Set of behaviours
• Between memebers of same species
• Intended to cause harm or pain

Question 3

How is aggression learned according to SLT?

Answer 3

Learn aggression though direct experience or by observing actions of others

Question 4

What are the 4 processes of leaning aggression?

SLT

Answer 4

1. Attention - basic cognitive requirment = must pay attention to copy behaviour
2. Retention - must recall aggressive behaviour by storing in LTM
3. Reproduction - must retrieve infro from LTM to reproduce
4. Motivation - need reaso to repeat aggressive behaviour as they expect to be rewarded for modelled behaviour

Question 5

People with ____ ____-_____ are most likely to model behaviour.

Answer 5

low self-esteem

Question 6

Describe Bandura’s method

Answer 6

1. 36 boys and 36 boys aged 3-5 divided into 8 groups
2. 2 conditions - ​

Question 7

Evaluate Bandura’s experiment

Answer 7

• Good methodology - inclusion of other toys + copying specific aggressive responses is direct evidence of learning
• Bobo doll is meant to be hit - invalid
• Potential long term consequences of encouraging aggression in children

Question 8

Name 2 +ve evaluation for SLT as explanation of aggression

Answer 8

1. Cartoons
2. Real world example

Question 9

Name 2 -ve evaluation for SLT as explanation of aggression

Answer 9

1. Gender difference
2. Reductionist

Question 10

Elaborate on positive evaluation point = Cartoons

Answer 10

• Bandura found that viewing aggressive cartoons can produce (as much) aggression
  
  • as observing an adult role model
• Suggests media has has influence on social learning

Question 11

Elaborate on positive evaluation point = Real world application

Answer 11

• Williams found increase in physical and verbal aggression in children after introduction of TV
  
  • to a remote Canadian community
• Similar study assesed levels of aHggression before and after introduction of sateline TV
  
  • However, found now change in levels of aggression so violent media doesn’t always = aggressive behaviour

Question 12

Elaborate on negative evaluation point = Gender differences

Answer 12

• Cooper et al found that girls between ages of 9 & 10 who played aggressive video games showed increase of aggression while boys didn’t

Question 13

Elaborate on negative evaluation point = Reductionist

Answer 13

• SLT sees aggression as result of observation and immitation
• Ignores role of biological factors such as hormones, neural mechanisms and genetics in aggression
• ∴ Reductionist ∵ only explains aggression from a social psychological perspective

Question 14

Define deindividuation

Answer 14

• Psychological state of losing our sense of identity
• Becoming less aware of responsibility for our action
• Freeing individual from constrains of social norms

Question 15

Deindividuation looks at individuals in a
_____ or a
_______

Answer 15

Group or a crowd

Question 16

Name factors that increase deindividuation x5

Answer 16

1. Anonimity
2. Reduced responsibility
3. Increased arousal
4. Sensory overload
5. Altered consciousness -> alcohol or drugs

Question 17

How does anonimity + being part of a crowd affect deindividuation ?

Answer 17

• Diminishes awarness of our own individuality
• Larger group = larger anonimity
• Reduced sense of guilt + less fear of negative consequences
• So weakens normal barriers to anti-social behaviour that are based on guilt or shame

Question 18

Name 2 types of self awarness

Answer 18

1. Public self awarness
2. Private self awarness

Question 19

What is public self awarness ?

Question 20

What is private self awarness ?

Answer 20

• attention focused outwardly to event around us
• ∴ pay less attention to our ow beliefs + feelings
• increases deindividuated state