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ANAPHY 2.0 > 4.3. The Integumentary System (Skin) > Flashcards

4.3. The Integumentary System (Skin) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the Integumentary System?

A

Cutaneous Membrane and Subcutaneous Layer

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2
Q

What are the (3) three components of the Cutaneous Membrane?

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Accessory Structures
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3
Q

What is another name for the Subcutaneous Layer?

A

Hypodermis

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4
Q

What are the main functions of the Integument?

A
  • Protection
  • Temperature maintenance
  • Synthesis and storage of nutrients
  • Sensory reception
  • Excretion and secretion
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5
Q 
What consist of the following:
• Stratified squamous epithelium
• Several distinct cell layers
• Thick skin—five layers
• On palms and soles
• Thin skin—four layers
• On rest of body
A

Epidermis

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6
Q

What are the (5) five cell layers of the Epidermis?

A
  • Stratum Germinativum
  • Stratum Spinosum
  • Stratum Granulosum
  • Stratum Lucidum (in thick skin)
  • Stratum Corneum
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7
Q

What are the (2) two components of Stratum Corneum?

A
  • Dying superficial layer

* Keratin accumulation

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8
Q

What cell layer consist of the following?

• Basal Layer
• Stem Cells:
- Cell division layer
- Source of replacement cells
• Melanocytes:
- Synthesize melanin
A

Stratum Germinativum

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9
Q

What cell layer consist of the following?

  • Stratum Spinosum
  • Stratum Granulosum
  • Stratum Lucidum
A

Intermediate Strata

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10
Q

What is the spiny layer and is superficial to Stratum Germinativum of the Intermediate Strata?

A

Stratum Spinosum

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11
Q

What is the grainy layer, with Keratin Granules in Cytoplasm, and has no cell division of the Intermediate Strata?

A

Stratum Granulosum

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12
Q

What is the clear layer of the Intermediate Strata?

A

Stratum Lucidum

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13
Q

What cell layer consist of the following?

• Most superficial layer
• Flattened (squamous) cells
• Dead cells
• Abundant keratin:
- Keratinized (also, cornified)
- Tough, water-resistant protein
A

Stratum Corneum

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14
Q

What are the (3) three sources of the skin color?

A
  • Melanocytes
  • Carotene
  • Hemoglobin
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15
Q

What source of skin color consist of the following:

  • Make melanin
  • Melanin provides UV protection
  • Gives reddish-brown to brown-black color
A

Melanocytes

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16
Q

What source of skin color consist of the following:

  • Contributes orange-yellow color
  • Provided from diet
A

Carotene

17
Q

What source of skin color consist of the following:

• Blood pigment

A

Hemoglobin

18
Q

What is the beneficial effect of UV Radiation?

A

Activates synthesis of vitamin D3

19
Q

What are the harmful effects of UV Radiation?

A
  • Sun burn
  • Wrinkles, premature aging
  • Malignant melanoma
  • Basal cell carcinoma
20
Q

What are the (2) two important types of skin cancer?

A

Basal cell carcinoma and Melanoma

21
Q

What is a multi-layered, flexible, self-repairing barrier that prevents fluid loss, provides protection from UV radiation, produces vitamin D3, and resists damage from abrasion, chemicals, and pathogens?

A

Epidermis

22
Q

What are the (2) two layers of the Dermis?

A
  • Papillary Layer

* Reticular Layer

23
Q

What layer of the Dermis consist of the following:

  • Underlies epidermis
  • Named for dermal papillae
  • Loose connective tissue
  • Supports, nourishes epidermis
  • Provides sensory nerves, lymphatics, and capillaries
A

Papillary Layer

24
Q

What layer of the Dermis consist of the following:

• Tough, dense, fibrous layer
• Collagen fibers:
- Limit stretch
• Elastic fibers:
- Provide flexibility
• Blends into papillary layer (above)
• Blends into subcutaneous layer (below)
A

Reticular Layer

25
Q

What are the other Dermal components?

A
  • Epidermal accessory organs
  • Cells of connective tissues proper
  • Communication with other organ systems
26
Q

What are the other organ systems that is in communication?

A 
• Cardiovascular
• Lymphatic
• Nervous:
- Sensation
- Control of blood flow and secretion
27
Q

What provides mechanical strength, flexibility, and protection for underlying tissues. It is highly vascular and contains a variety of sensory receptors that provide information about the external environment?

A

Dermis

28
Q

What layer consists of the following:

• Composed of loose connective tissue
• Stabilizes skin position:
- Loosely attached to dermis
- Loosely attached to muscle
• Contains many fat cells:
- Provides thermal insulation
- Cushions underlying organs
• Safely receives hypodermic needles
A

Subcutaneous Layer

29
Q

What are the Accessory Structures?

A
  • Hair follicle
  • Hair growth cycle
  • Sebaceous glands (oil glands)
  • Nails
30
Q

In the Hair Follicle, what does the hair consist of?

A
  • Shaft
  • Medulla
  • Cortex
  • Cuticle
  • Arrector pili muscle “Goose bumps”
31
Q

What Accessory Structure consist of the following:

  • 0.3 mm/day growth rate
  • 2–5 years growth
  • 2–5 years follicle rest
  • Follicle reactivation
  • Old hair shedding
A

Hair growth cycle

32
Q

What Accessory Structure consist of the following:

• Holocrine gland
• Oily secretion:
- Sebum
- Hair shaft lubricant
• Sebaceous follicle:
- Skin lubricant
- Skin waterproofing
A

Sebaceous Glands (oil glands)

33
Q

What are the (2) two components of the Sweat Glands?

A

Apocrine and Merocrine

34
Q

In component of the Sweat Glands consist of the following?

  • Odorous secretion (“funky”)
  • Absent before puberty
  • Present in axilla, areola, groin
A

Apocrine

35
Q

In component of the Sweat Glands consist of the following?

  • Watery sweat (~1% NaCl)
  • For heat loss
  • Widely present in skin (up to 500/cm2 )
A

Merocrine

36
Q

What plays a major role in controlling body temperature. It acts as a radiator, with the heat being delivered by the dermal circulation and removed primarily by the evaporation of sweat or perspiration?

A

The skin

ANAPHY 2.0 (18 decks)

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