4.3. The Integumentary System (Skin) Flashcards by M I K A

What are the components of the Integumentary System?

Cutaneous Membrane and Subcutaneous Layer

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What are the (3) three components of the Cutaneous Membrane?

Epidermis
Dermis
Accessory Structures

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What is another name for the Subcutaneous Layer?

Hypodermis

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What are the main functions of the Integument?

Protection
Temperature maintenance
Synthesis and storage of nutrients
Sensory reception
Excretion and secretion

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What consist of the following:
• Stratified squamous epithelium
• Several distinct cell layers
• Thick skin—five layers
• On palms and soles
• Thin skin—four layers
• On rest of body

Epidermis

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What are the (5) five cell layers of the Epidermis?

Stratum Germinativum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Lucidum (in thick skin)
Stratum Corneum

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What are the (2) two components of Stratum Corneum?

Dying superficial layer

* Keratin accumulation

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What cell layer consist of the following?

• Basal Layer
• Stem Cells:
- Cell division layer
- Source of replacement cells
• Melanocytes:
- Synthesize melanin

Stratum Germinativum

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What cell layer consist of the following?

Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Lucidum

Intermediate Strata

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What is the spiny layer and is superficial to Stratum Germinativum of the Intermediate Strata?

Stratum Spinosum

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What is the grainy layer, with Keratin Granules in Cytoplasm, and has no cell division of the Intermediate Strata?

Stratum Granulosum

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What is the clear layer of the Intermediate Strata?

Stratum Lucidum

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What cell layer consist of the following?

• Most superficial layer
• Flattened (squamous) cells
• Dead cells
• Abundant keratin:
- Keratinized (also, cornified)
- Tough, water-resistant protein

Stratum Corneum

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What are the (3) three sources of the skin color?

Melanocytes
Carotene
Hemoglobin

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What source of skin color consist of the following:

Make melanin
Melanin provides UV protection
Gives reddish-brown to brown-black color

Melanocytes

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What source of skin color consist of the following:

Contributes orange-yellow color
Provided from diet

Carotene

What source of skin color consist of the following:

• Blood pigment

Hemoglobin

What is the beneficial effect of UV Radiation?

Activates synthesis of vitamin D3

What are the harmful effects of UV Radiation?

Sun burn
Wrinkles, premature aging
Malignant melanoma
Basal cell carcinoma

What are the (2) two important types of skin cancer?

Basal cell carcinoma and Melanoma

What is a multi-layered, flexible, self-repairing barrier that prevents fluid loss, provides protection from UV radiation, produces vitamin D3, and resists damage from abrasion, chemicals, and pathogens?

Epidermis

What are the (2) two layers of the Dermis?

Papillary Layer

* Reticular Layer

What layer of the Dermis consist of the following:

Underlies epidermis
Named for dermal papillae
Loose connective tissue
Supports, nourishes epidermis
Provides sensory nerves, lymphatics, and capillaries

Papillary Layer

What layer of the Dermis consist of the following:

• Tough, dense, fibrous layer
• Collagen fibers:
- Limit stretch
• Elastic fibers:
- Provide flexibility
• Blends into papillary layer (above)
• Blends into subcutaneous layer (below)

Reticular Layer

What are the other Dermal components?

* Epidermal accessory organs * Cells of connective tissues proper * Communication with other organ systems

What are the other organ systems that is in communication?

``` • Cardiovascular • Lymphatic • Nervous: - Sensation - Control of blood flow and secretion ```

What provides mechanical strength, flexibility, and protection for underlying tissues. It is highly vascular and contains a variety of sensory receptors that provide information about the external environment?

Dermis

What layer consists of the following: ``` • Composed of loose connective tissue • Stabilizes skin position: - Loosely attached to dermis - Loosely attached to muscle • Contains many fat cells: - Provides thermal insulation - Cushions underlying organs • Safely receives hypodermic needles ```

Subcutaneous Layer

What are the Accessory Structures?

* Hair follicle * Hair growth cycle * Sebaceous glands (oil glands) * Nails

In the Hair Follicle, what does the hair consist of?

* Shaft * Medulla * Cortex * Cuticle * Arrector pili muscle “Goose bumps”

What Accessory Structure consist of the following: * 0.3 mm/day growth rate * 2–5 years growth * 2–5 years follicle rest * Follicle reactivation * Old hair shedding

Hair growth cycle

What Accessory Structure consist of the following: ``` • Holocrine gland • Oily secretion: - Sebum - Hair shaft lubricant • Sebaceous follicle: - Skin lubricant - Skin waterproofing ```

Sebaceous Glands (oil glands)

What are the (2) two components of the Sweat Glands?

Apocrine and Merocrine

In component of the Sweat Glands consist of the following? * Odorous secretion (“funky”) * Absent before puberty * Present in axilla, areola, groin

Apocrine

In component of the Sweat Glands consist of the following? * Watery sweat (~1% NaCl) * For heat loss * Widely present in skin (up to 500/cm2 )

Merocrine

What plays a major role in controlling body temperature. It acts as a radiator, with the heat being delivered by the dermal circulation and removed primarily by the evaporation of sweat or perspiration?

The skin