4.2.2 - Haloalkanes Flashcards
Draw a primary, secondary and tertiary haloalkane using bromine
Its just like primary,secondary and tertiary alcohols but the -OH group is replaced w a halogen.
What are nucleophiles ?
Electron pair donors
Give examples of nucleophiles
What type of reactions do haloalkanes undergo ?
Nucleophilic substitution
What do curly arrows show
The movement of electron pairs
Blurt everything you know about haloalkanes to alcohols including the reagents, and an example : bromoethene
Reagent: aqueous sodium hydroxide
Conditions: Heat under reflux
Mechanism: Nucleophilic substitution
Type of reagent: Nucleophile, OH-
Blurt everything you know about the reaction of haloalkanes with water
- An alcohol is formed and an halide ion alongside a H+ ion. We then use this with the silver nitrate test.
How do we carry out the haloalkane reactivity test.
- Place chloroalkane, Bromoalkane and iodoalkane into 3 test tubes
- Conditions: add Aqueous silver nitrate i and add ethanol(solvent)
-This is the reaction that we use to compare the rate of hydrolysis.
- The quicker the precipitate is formed, the faster the
substitution reaction and the more reactive the haloalkane
Why do we add ethanol in the haloalkane reactivity test.
Ethanol is used in the haloalkane reactivity test as a solvent This is important because haloalkanes are generally non-polar and insoluble in water. It can dissolve both the polar aqueous silver nitrate and the non-polar haloalkane, allowing the two to mix. This ensures that the nucleophilic substitution reaction can occur efficiently.
Write the equation for :
- The formation of the ozone layer
- The depletion of the ozone layer
- The overall equation
Write the free radical sub mechanism from CFCs breaking down the ozone
Write the free radical substitution mechanism for Nitrogen oxide (NO) reacting with the ozone
Uses of CFCs
- Used in refrigerators
- Aerosols
What does the ozone layer do
- Blocks harmful uv radiation
Alternatives for CFCs
