4.1.1 Basic concepts of organic chemistry

Question 1

Type of bonds in alkanes.

Answer 1

Single Covelant bonds ( remember alk a n e s have one e therefore have single bonds)

Question 2

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated.

Answer 2

Saturated

Question 3

General formula of alkanes

Answer 3

C₂H(_2n+2)

Question 4

Name the first 10 alkanes

Answer 4

Question 5

How do we name compounds which have side chains.

Answer 5

1) We first count the longest carbon chain that it has and name the alkane or alkene.
2) Then we locate the number the side chain is on by counting from the end that makes the numbering.

Question 6

Another example of naming compounds which have side chains

Answer 6

Question 7

What is meant by empirical formula

Answer 7

Simplest whole number ratio of element in the compound

Question 8

aldehyde functional group

Answer 8

ends in al

Question 9

Ketone

Answer 9

ends in one

Question 10

carboxylic acid functional group

Answer 10

ends in oic acid

Question 11

Nitrile functional group

Answer 11

ends in nitrile

Question 12

Amine functional group

Answer 12

ends in amine

Question 13

acyl chloride functional group

Answer 13

ends
in
oyl chloride

Question 14

Acid anhydride functional group

Answer 14

ends in oic anhydride Rember it as 2 ketones joined by a O

Question 15

ester functional group

Answer 15

ends in oate

Question 16

amide functional group

Answer 16

ends in amide
rember it as a ketone and an amine groupe

Question 17

What are structural isomers

Answer 17

Same molecular formula different structural formula

Question 18

What is homolytic fission

Answer 18

each atom gets one electron from the covalent bond

• Theres two o’s in homo - so each electron gets one electron

Question 19

What is heterolytic fission

Answer 19

One atom gets both electrons

hetero only has one o therefore its one aton getting both electrons

Question 20

What is bond fission

Answer 20

The breaking of a covalent bond