421 Final: Body Composition

Question 0

Skinfold Variability

Answer 0

• landmarks vary and based on anatomical landmarks
• technician- selection of sites, pinch amount, application of calipers, choosing proper equation
• calipers- types vary in pressure
• calibration- distance and tension if caliper

Question 1

Skinfold Assumptions

Answer 1

• Skinfold thickness is proportional to total body adiposity

- selected sites are “representative” of entire body

Question 2

Skinfold Procedure

Answer 2

• right side of body only
• pinch maintained while reading caliper
• 1-2s before reading caliper
• duplicate measurements if not within 1-2m
• rotate through sites to allow skin to regain normal texture/thickness

Question 3

Abdominal Site

Answer 3

2cm to the right of the unbilicus

Vertical

Question 4

Tricep Site

Answer 4

Posterior midline
Halfway btw acromion and olecranon
Vertical

Question 5

Bicep Site

Answer 5

Anterior arm
Over belly of bicep
1 cm above tricep mark
Vertical

Question 6

Chest Pectoral Site

Answer 6

Men- 1/2 way btw anterior axillary line and nipple
Women- 1/3 way btw anterior axillary line and nipple
Diagonal

Question 7

Medial Calf Site

Answer 7

Maximum circumference on midline of medial border

Vertical

Question 8

Midaxillary Site

Answer 8

Midaxillary line level with xiphoid process of sternum

Question 9

Subscapular Site

Answer 9

1-2cm below inferior angle of scapula

Diagonal

Question 10

Suprailiac Site

Answer 10

In line with natural curve of the iliac crest taken in the anterior axillary line, immediately superior to the ASIS
Diagonal

Question 11

Thigh Site

Answer 11

anterior midline of the thigh, midway btw the inguinal crease and the proximal border of the patella
Vertical

Question 12

Measurement Site for Waist Circumference

Answer 12

Smallest part of waist btw xiphoid and umbilicus

Question 13

Principles of Hydrostatic Weighing

Answer 13

• gold standard in which other methods are compared to
• %BF calculated from body density (submerged wt and land wt)
• assumptions:
  FFM density is stable btw individuals
  Fat composition and density are stable btw individuals

Question 14

DEXA

Answer 14

• x-ray scanner
• doesn’t require the assumptions about the biological constancy of FM and FFM
• quantifies fat and non-bone regional lean body mass
• more direct measurement
• see where fat is located throughout body

Question 15

Bioelectrical Impedance: BIA

Answer 15

Resistance to mild electrical current

• inversely related to total body water
• FFM conducts electricity better (higher water content)
• error 2.7-6.3%
• must control hydration status

Question 16

BMI Interpretation

Answer 16

40 = grade 3 obesity

Question 17

Android

Answer 17

• Fat distribution typical in males
• associated with increased risk for chronic disease
• trunk area

Question 18

Gynoid

Answer 18

• fat distribution common in females

- carried within the hip area