4.2.1 alcohols

Question 1

describe solubility in alcohols

Answer 1

as chain length increases solubility decreases as theres more of the non-polar hydrocarbon part of the molecule which cannot form hydrogen bonds with water

Question 2

describe the volatility of alcohols

Answer 2

lower volatility due to the hydrogen bonds

Question 3

how are alcohols oxidised

Answer 3

-Acidified potassium dichromate (k2cr2o7)
-and dilute sulfuric acid (h2so4)

Question 4

when alcohols are oxidised what is the colour change

Answer 4

orange to green

Question 5

how to form an aldehyde

Answer 5

heating through distillation of a primary alcohol

Question 6

functional group + naming of an aldehyde

Answer 6

COH
-anal

Question 7

how to form an carboxylic acid

Answer 7

heating through reflux of a primary alcohol

Question 8

functional group + naming of an carboxylic acid

Answer 8

-COOH
-anoic acid

Question 9

what is distillation

Answer 9

heating where products are allowed to escape-

Question 10

draw a diagram of distilation

Answer 10

in booklet

Question 11

what is reflux

Answer 11

continual heating
vapours return back into the reaction vessel

Question 12

how to form a ketone

Answer 12

heating through reflux of a secondary alcohol

Question 13

functional group + naming of an ketone

Answer 13

-C=O
-anone

Question 14

what happens to tertiary alcohols during oxidation

Answer 14

resistant to oxidation
-k2xr2o7 remains orange

Question 15

what do you need to go from an alcohol to an alkene

Answer 15

-heat under reflux
-concentrated phosphoric/ sulphuric acid
(heat, conc H2SO4/H3PO4)

Question 16

how do you form structural or stereosomers when you go from an alcohol to an alkene

Answer 16

-OH group cannot be in position 1
-carbon chain has to be more than 3 carbons long

Question 17

how do you go from an alcohol to a haloalkane

Answer 17

-concentrated sulphuric acid
-sodium halide