4.2: solutions of ionic substances Flashcards
describe the formation of ion-dipole interactions when ionic substances dissolve in water.
water molecules are electric dipoles, that contain partial positive and negative poles. The anions and cations within the ionic lattice carry a full magnitude of electric charge. with mixed with another, ion-dipole interactions occur.
the negative anion is attracted to the positive delta positive end of the dipole and the positive cation is attracted to the delta negative end of the dipole. if the force of attraction between the ions and water molecules is greater than the magnitude of the ionic bonds within the lattice, then the ions will disassociate from the lattice.
what is a precipitate?
a precipitate is formed when two water soluble solutions can react to form an insoluble solid product.
explain the formation of soap scum (undesirable precipitation reactions)
hard water contains higher than normal concentration of magnesium or calcium ions. when these ions react with soap, an insoluble precipitate, typically known as soap scum forms. this scum can block pipes and cause white deposits to form on clothes and hair.
