4.2 Physical And Human Processes

Question 1

Compare the weathering that is found in the uplands and lowlands.

Answer 1

Lowland-
•Warm summers.
•Mild winters.
•Light rain all year (especially summer).
Upland-
•Cool summers.
•Mild winters.
•Heavy rain all year.

Question 2

Compare the soil/rock movement processes in the uplands and lowlands.

Answer 2

Highland-
•Freeze-thaw weathering causes scree slopes to form.
•Scree slopes are very unstable as they are just rocks placed on a slope.
•Lots of rain also adds to the weight and makes the slopes even more unstable.
•Landslides are common.
Lowland-
•It is quite wet which causes the slopes to soak up lots of water.
•This causes them to become heavier than the cliff can hold.
•The soil starts to ‘creep’ forward very slowly hence the reason it’s called soil creep.
•It is the slowest slope process.

Question 3

Compare misfit rivers and dry valleys (location, characteristics, formation).

Answer 3

Misfit river-
•Glaciers create U-shaped valleys.
•Later on, a much smaller river flows through it.
•They cause the valley to become a V-shaped valley over time.
•Deposit silt and mud.
Dry valleys-
•Rivers flown underground through the permeable ground.
•The ground freezes causing the river to have to flow over the ground.
•When the ground unfreezes, the river flows through the ground again.
•It leaves the eroded shape of a river above.

Question 4

Explain how glaciers have affected both landscapes.

Answer 4

• Eroded valleys.
• Created peaks.
• Deposited morraines.
• Eroded corries.
• Created scarp and vale topography.

Question 5

Explain 2 ways humans have affected the Upland landscape.

Answer 5

Farming-
•Vegetation is cleared for animals.
•The vegetation helped keep the cliff steady and to stop erosion.
•The cliff could collapse/landslides could occur.
Forestry-
•Humans cut down trees.
•This causes the land to become bare and weak.
•This causes natural processes to occur.

Question 6

Explain 2 ways humans have affected the Lowland landscape.

Answer 6

Settlements-
•Humans in settlements started to build things.
•Concrete and buildings were made which affected the drainage pattern.
•Rivers were diverted to underground channels.
•Rivers were straightened or were reinforced with embarkments to prevent flooding.
Farming-
•Animals grazed on the vegetation in the area.
•If not controlled, overgrazing could occur.
•This caused soil erosion and polluted water supplies.

Question 7

Compare which landscape (up/low) have been affected more by humans.

Answer 7

Lowland-
•Humans in settlements started to build things.
•Concrete and buildings were made which affected the drainage pattern.
•Rivers were diverted to underground channels.
•Rivers were straightened or were reinforced with embarkments to prevent flooding.
•Animals grazed on the vegetation in the area.
•If not controlled, overgrazing could occur.
•This caused soil erosion and polluted water supplies.
Upland-
•Vegetation is cleared for animals.
•The vegetation helped keep the cliff steady and to stop erosion.
•The cliff could collapse/landslides could occur.
•Humans cut down trees.
•This causes the land to become bare and weak.
•This causes natural processes to occur.
Conc-
They have both been affected by humans quite a lot and it depends on where there are more people so I think it is the lowlands that have been affected more.