4.2 NZ BORA 1990 Flashcards
State s21
Everyone has the right to be free from unreasonable search and seizure whether of the person, property or correspondence
s22:
Everyone has the right not to be arbitrarily arrested or detained
What are the rights of a person arrested s23? (7)
- Informed at time of arrest reason for it
- Right to consult and instruct a lawyer
- Right to have arrest challenged by way of habeas corpus
- Be charged promptly or released
- If bailed, then right to appear ASAP
- Refrain from making a statement
- Treated with dignity
s24 BoRA - A person arrested and a person charged have different rights. What additional rights does a person charged have? (7)
- Informed of the nature of the charge
- Right to bail unless just cause for detention
- Consult and instruct lawyer
- Adequate time to prepare a defence
- Right to trial by jury if offence over 2yrs prison
- Right to legal aid without cost
- Right to interpreter
There are four key/most important rules for police associated with the NZ BoRA, what are they?
- You may ask any questions but you must not suggest it is compulsory to answer
- If you have sufficient to charge, you must caution
- You must caution on arrest regardless of whether you have cautioned already
- There is no power of detention for questioning
What are the minimum standards of criminal procedure of a person charged s25? (9)
a) Fair and public trial
b) Tried without delay
c) Presumption of innocence
d) Not to confess or be called to stand
e) To be present and present a defence
f) To examine witnesses
g) Right to lesser penalty (if charged meantime)
h) Right to appeal
i) Right of child to be dealt with in manner consistent with age.
What is a search?
A conscious intrusion by the state into an individuals reasonable expectation of privacy
Not a mere observation
What is “Seizure”
Removing something from the possession of someone else. An item generated by a S&S power such as a photograph is not a seizure.
What makes a search unreasonable?
Circumstances giving rise to the search (ie strip search in public)
Manner of search.
A search undertaken in good faith using the incorrect search power is unlawful or unreasonable?
Unlawful - but not unreasonable
A strip search in public is unreasonable. What sections of BoRA does it breach?
s9 - cruel and degrading
s21 - not to be subject to unreasonable search and seizure
If a search is deemed unreasonable, what is the usual remedy?
Exclusion of evidence s30 Evidence Act
Give four examples of arrest or detention:
- Handcuffed
- Formally arrested
- Locked in a room
- Placed in a patrol car against their will
Provide four examples that wouldn’t be deemed to be a search (4)
- using torch to observe item secreted inside a headlight
- asking to hold up bike to view serial number
- asking to hold hands out for inspection
- voluntary request to power company for data
An unlawful search because of a minor irregularity may, depending on the circumstances, not be unreasonable. When would a breach because of a minor technicality not be held to be reasonable?
If police realised the error before the search or seizure was undertaken