4.2 Notes Part 1 Flashcards
Observes individuals and measure variables of interest
Observational Study
No attempt is made to influence responses
Observational Study
Past
Retrospective
Ongoing
Prospective
Imposes some treatment on individuals in order to observe their responses
Experiment
Helps give good causation
Experiment
Individuals on which the experiment is being performed
Experimental Units
When experimental units are human beings
Subjects
Explanatory Variable in an experiment
Factor
Specific values of a treatment a factor takes
Controlled by experimenter
Level
A condition that is applied to an experimental unit
Can be a combination of factors and levels
Treatment
What is measured and used for comparison
Can be sued more than one thing
Response Variable
Control, Randomization, Replication
Principles of experimental design
Done by comparing two or more treatments
Control
Used to assign experimental units to treatments
Randomization
Produces groups that should be similar in all respects before the treatment applies
Randomization
Performing the experiment several times to ensure that the results are statistically significant
Replication
Tools used for Control
Placebo
A dummy treatment used to see if something works
Placebo
Experimental units assigned the baseline treatment
Control Group
Either no treatment, default treatment, or placebo
Control Group
When an observed outcome is too large to just occur by chance
Statically Significant
Randomly and evenly assigned experimental units to treatment
Completely Randomized Design
A group of similar experimental units that would have an effect on the results
Block Design (Blocking)
2 subjects with equal characteristics are given different treatments and then compared
Matched Pairs Design
