4.2 joints and motion. 4.2 muscles

Question 1

what are joints

Answer 1

the point of contact between elements on a skeleton that are moveable or rigidly fixed together with the supporting parts

Question 2

what is another name for freely moveable joints

Answer 2

diathroses

Question 3

what holds diarthrosis together

Answer 3

hyaline cartilage

Question 4

what is a example of a diarthrosis joint

Answer 4

elbow, shoulder, and ankle

Question 5

what are three distinguishing features of a synovial joint

Answer 5

1. contains synovial fluid
2. has a synovial membrane
   3.has hyaline cartilage over bone surface

Question 6

what is the tool used to measure the angles of resulting movement or various joints in the body

Answer 6

gonimeter

Question 7

extension is?

Answer 7

the unbending movement that increases the angle between the bone of the limb

Question 8

abduction is?

Answer 8

movement away from the middle line of the body

Question 9

adduction is?

Answer 9

movement toward the middle line of the body

Question 10

circumduction is?

Answer 10

one end of the appendage that remains stationary while the other makes circular motion

Question 11

rotation is?

Answer 11

moving a bone around its axis

Question 12

depression is?

Answer 12

downwards movement of the scapula or manible

Question 13

elevation is?

Answer 13

upward movement of the scapula or mandible

Question 14

dorsiflexion

Answer 14

movement of foot towards the upper surface of the body

Question 15

plantar flexion

Answer 15

movement of foot towards the ground/ away from body

Question 16

rule #1 of muscle rules

Answer 16

muscles have at least two attachments and cross at least one joint

Question 17

rule #2 of muscle rules

Answer 17

muscles always pull and get shorter

Question 18

rule #3 of muscle rules

Answer 18

the attachment of muscles=insertion, attachment that remains still=origin

Question 19

rule #4 of muscle rules

Answer 19

muscles decrease angle between=flexor, increase angle=extensions

Question 20

rule #5 of muscle rules

Answer 20

muscles work in opposing pairs

Question 21

rule #6 of muscle rules

Answer 21

muscle striations point to the attachments and show direction of pull

Question 22

the three characteristics of skeletal muscle

Answer 22

voluntary, striated, on bones

Question 23

the three characteristics of smooth muscle

Answer 23

involuntary, non-striated, arteries-veins-intestines

Question 24

three characteristics of cardiac muscle

Answer 24

involuntary, striated, walls of heart

Question 25

why is ATP critical for muscle contractions

Answer 25

it breaks the cross-bridges that free the myosin to get ready for the next contraction

Question 26

what is the smallest unit of muscle

Answer 26

sarcomere

Question 27

where are calcium ions released

Answer 27

the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 28

what role does troponin play in muscle contraction

Answer 28

promotes muscle contraction

Question 29

what role does tropomyosin play in muscle contraction

Answer 29

blocks muscle contraction

Question 30

movement and example of a hinge joint?

Answer 30

knee, hand, foot ____back and forth movement with connecting only in middle

Question 31

movement and example of ball and socket joint?

Answer 31

shoulder and hip_____rotation within the socket

Question 32

movement and example of a pivot joint?

Answer 32

neck/head____rotation, back and forth

Question 33

movement and example of a condyloid joint?

Answer 33

wrist and elbow___move over surface with bottom connected

Question 34

movement and example of a plane joint?

Answer 34

between carpal bones and clavical___parts move in unison side to side

Question 35

movement and example of saddle joint

Answer 35

the upper part of the breast bone____back and forth, bottom bone moves according to the top bone