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Structure and Stability > 4.2 Isomerism > Flashcards

4.2 Isomerism Flashcards

1
Q

What are constitutional isomers?

A

compounds that have the same molecular formula but have their atoms connected together differently

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2
Q

What are conformational isomers?

A

compounds that have the same molecular formula and the same atomic connectivity but differ from one another by rotation about the sigma bond

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3
Q

What are the two orientations for saturated hydrocarbons?

A

staggered and eclipse

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4
Q

Which is more stable: staggered or eclipsed?

A

staggered

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5
Q

Why is staggered more stable than eclipsed?

A

electron repulsion and steric hindrance

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6
Q

What is the anti conformation?

A

staggered conformation that arises when the two largest groups attached to adjacent carbons are 180 degrees apart

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7
Q

What is the gauche conformation?

A

the two largest groups on adjacent carbon atoms are in a staggered conformation 60 degrees apart

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8
Q

What is syn conformation?

A

eclipsed conformation where the two largest groups on adjacent carbon atoms are directly aligned

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9
Q

What are the three conformations for cycloalkanes?

A

envelope
chair model
boat conformation

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10
Q

What are the two distinct hydrogens in a chair conformation?

A

equatorial
axial

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11
Q

Which is more favorable: axial or equatorial hydrogrens?

A

equatorial

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12
Q

What are stereoisomers?

A

molecules that have the same molecular formula and connectivity but differ from one another only in the spatial arrangement of the atoms

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13
Q

What does it mean to be chiral?

A

any molecule that can be superimposed on its mirror image and has a plane of symmetry

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14
Q

What does it mean to be achiral?

A

any molecule that cannot be superimposed on its mirror image

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15
Q

What is R configuration?

A

path is clockwise

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16
Q

What is S configuration?

A

path is counterclockwise

17
Q

What is a Fisher projection?

A

simplification of the molecules actual three dimensional structure

18
Q

What are enantiomers?

A

non-superimposable mirror images

19
Q

What is an optically active compound?

A

compound that rotates the plane of polarized light

20
Q

What is dextrorotatory?

A

compound that rotates plane of polarized light clockwise

21
Q

What is levorotatory?

A

compound the rotates plane of light counterclockwise

22
Q

What is a racemic mixture?

A

equal mixture of a pair of enantiomers; does not rotate plane of polarize light because enantiomers cancel each other out

Structure and Stability (4 decks)

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