4.2 Demographic Transition Flashcards
What are some of the limitations in the DTM?
- Eurocentric
- Ignores Migration
- Assumes that all countries will pass through the stages
- Certain countries go through the DTM much quicker than OG countries
- Ignores the fact that religious and political influences can shape the birth trend.
What are the problems with an ageing population, refence Japan as a case study.
A 1/4 of the Japanese population is over 65. Life expt. is 85. TFR 1.26 in 2005. in 2015, 2.5 million people living with dementia.
Japan is investing in support tech, Panasonic is making robots for hospitals. Increasing the retirement age and revamping the pensions scheme.
Why does Japan have this issue? Down to a high life expectancy as a result of effective healthcare and good lifestyle choices. There was also a post WWII baby boom. Wide use of family planning.
More elderly dependants = less working population and less people paying taxes
Governments need to pay for more healthcare/provide pensions and social care
poverty amongst the elderly.
What are the problems with a youthful population? reference the Gambia.
A reliance on the working population as Gov. cannot tax people under 15.
Overcrowding in schools
Young children need vast amounts of hospital time.
In the Gambia, 45% of the population is under 15. This creates a dependency ratio of 92%. TFR = 7.2 in 1990.
Schools have to run AM and PM classes due to the shear number of children. Workers have to leave their jobs to take up childcare roles. 11 mothers die for every 1000 children.
the futures project, a huge TV and radio campaign spreading the awareness of contraceptives which are subsidised by the Canadian government.
What is development?
Development is a process that creates positive change, progress, or the addition of physical, economic, environmental, social and demographic components.
What are the components of HDI?
Life exptancy at birth
expected years of schooling
mean years of schooling
Gross national income per captia.
How can how developed a country is influence infant mortality and life expectancy.
There is a worldwide decrease in infant mortality thanks to modern technology, the same is true for life expectancy which has increased. Advancements in healthcare, sanitation, living conditions, less overcompensation, use of contraception and the emancipation of women has all led to positive change. Disparities come in how developed a country is, some countries may be limited in how much they can reap these benefits by there economic polices, corruption and physical geography.
