4.1 Natural Increase as a component of population change Flashcards
What is natural increase?
When the Birth rate is higher than the death rate
What is natural decrease?
When the Death rate is higher than the birth rate
What is the population equation?
Population = (Births - Deaths) ± Migration
What is the crude birth rate?
The number of live births occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year.
What is the total fertility rate? (TFR)
The average number of children that would have been born alive to a woman during her lifetime, if she were to pass through child bearing years conforming to the age specific fertility rates of a given year.
What is the fertility rate?
The number of live births per 1000 women aged 15-49 years in a given year.
Explain how four different factors affect fertility
Demographic - Other population factors such as DR, influences fertility. Where infant mortality is high, it is commonplace for children to die young meaning many parents have to have more children to compensate for these deaths.
Social/cultural - Catholic and Muslim societies ban contraceptives, leading to a higher fertility rate. Moreover, education is key to low FR. Education brings awareness around birth control, a better chance at a job meaning the woman can become emancipated and a higher understanding of the social constructs that lead them to have children. In many poorer countries, it is often not the Women’s choice to have children as they do not have an education.
Economic - In LICs, Children are viewed as an economic asset as they can work for free leading many parents to have more children and up FR. In HICs, the opposite is true and the cost of having a child is a key factor is deciding to start or extended a family. Economic growth allows parents to spend more money on healthcare, nutrition and education. In HICs, companies will not want to lose valuable women so alternative working hours can be arranged
Political - Many countries have schemes to increase/decrease FRs. In the 1930s Japan, Italy and Germany all offered rewards to those with large families as they prepared for war.
what is crude death rate?
The number of deaths occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the given geographical area during the same year.
What is infant mortality?
The number of infant deaths for every 1,000 live births.
What is life expectancy?
The average period that a person may expect to live.
What is the dependency ratio?
Young dependants + Elderly dependants / working population X 100
For most countries, what is the replacement level fertililty?
2.1 children per woman.
