4.2. biodiversity

Question 1

What are the types of sampling that can be used

Answer 1

random and non random

Question 2

what are the types of non random sampling

Answer 2

opportunistic- is when the researcher has pre knowledge to the area thus samples according to this information
stratified- dividing the habitat into areas which appear to be different.
systematic- taking samples at fixed intervals across eg. a transect.

Question 3

what is the point of sampling?

Answer 3

it is difficult to count every individual

provides a representative estimate of the habitat

Question 4

what is biodiversity?

Answer 4

the variation of genes and alleles found in the living world consisting of organisms and habitats.

Question 5

what is species richness

Answer 5

the amount of species in a habitat

Question 6

what is species eveness

Answer 6

the abundance of a individuals particular species

Question 7

what is the difference between evenness and richness

Answer 7

both are needed to reveal dominance and the higher the species evenness and richness, the more biodiverse a population is.

Question 8

suggest why an increase in numbers of a particular species may lead to the decrease in bio diversity.

Answer 8

the species may consume the food at the start of the food chain and then cause food chains and webs to be disrupted.

Question 9

what does a low simpson index show

Answer 9

that the habitat isnt very bio diverse and is dominated by a particular species. This means that the habitat will not cope well to change or selection pressures.

Question 10

suggest why ppl may dis agree to a species being re integrated into an old environment.

Answer 10

may no longer be suitable

may cause disruption/ danger to existing species.

Question 11

what is phylogeny

Answer 11

it is the study of evolutionary relationships between the history of organisms and provides the basis of all clasification.
the amino acid base sequence and genes such as cytochrome can be used to compare species.
species with the same group have common ancestors.

Question 12

why are species only being classified as new species recently.

Answer 12

more technology and research as well as dna evidence found.

Question 13

reasons why it is important to conserve a species?

Answer 13

economic reasons such as tourism.
aesthetic reasons as they are nice to look at
our duty as humans to look after the world
extinction would cause a disruption in a food chain.

Question 14

why can it be good to grow plants ex situ.

Answer 14

habitat may be lost.
not many left in the wild
stops attack by predators
reproduction can be made to happen
protects from pathogens

Question 15

why are plants conserved as seeds and not plants

Answer 15

seeds are more compact and take up less space
can be collected with little damage to the wild
lower maintenance costs aswell as transports costs
can last longer

Question 16

why are estimates for the number of species on the earth not accurate

Answer 16

lots of unexplored areas
some species cant be differentiated
species are evolving and dying out all the time

Question 17

criteria checked when planning permission is taken in protected environment?

Answer 17

size of the development
how it will affect the wildlife
strategies to minimise the impact

Question 18

what does cites stand for

Answer 18

Convention on international trade in endangered species

Question 19

what does cites do?

Answer 19

regulate trade in monitored species
ensure trade doesn’t endanger populations
allow trade in less endangered species

Question 20

what does rio convention on biological diversity do?

Answer 20

share access to scientific knowledge/ technology
share genetic resources
promoting ex situ such as seed banks.

Question 21

how would it be possible to create a species of sheep with more desired characteristics?

Answer 21

artificial breeding
get sheep with desired characteristics and breed them
select the best offspring and breed them for generations to come

Question 22

another way farmers can create quality species

Answer 22

uses of hormones
cloning
pesticides

Question 23

how do organic fertilisers increase the yield of crops

Answer 23

adds nutrients to the soil such as nitrates, phosphates and potassium and magnesium.
Magnesium can be used for chlorophyll
nitrates and nitrogen is needed for proteins.
increase the quality of the soil eg the pH.

Question 24

why is a decrease in biodiversity bad for agriculture in furture

Answer 24

less genetic biodiversity
agricultural conditions may change
genes/alleles may be lost
less resistant to change

Question 25

why in conservation is it important to get species from a variety of locations?

Answer 25

maintains genetic diversity
so the species have less chance of interbreeding
therefore can cope to change more

Question 26

why is it importatnt to conserve plants

Answer 26

good source of medicne
aesthetic reasons
genetic resource
part of ecosystem

Question 27

why are fertilisers needed for soil

Answer 27

maintains yield and lost nutrients from the soil

nitrates needed for protein synthesis

Question 28

describe natural selection?

Answer 28

theres a selection pressure
due to random mutations
some become resistant
the resistant survive and pass allele down
the non resistant die out
population of resistant species increases in abundace

Question 29

what features are good in organism selected for breeding?

Answer 29

need to be healthy
of breeding age
more females

Question 30

standard method of counting species?

Answer 30

unbiased method to select sampling area
method to prevent re counting
standard procedure
and sample many times