4.2. biodiversity Flashcards
What are the types of sampling that can be used
random and non random
what are the types of non random sampling
opportunistic- is when the researcher has pre knowledge to the area thus samples according to this information
stratified- dividing the habitat into areas which appear to be different.
systematic- taking samples at fixed intervals across eg. a transect.
what is the point of sampling?
it is difficult to count every individual
provides a representative estimate of the habitat
what is biodiversity?
the variation of genes and alleles found in the living world consisting of organisms and habitats.
what is species richness
the amount of species in a habitat
what is species eveness
the abundance of a individuals particular species
what is the difference between evenness and richness
both are needed to reveal dominance and the higher the species evenness and richness, the more biodiverse a population is.
suggest why an increase in numbers of a particular species may lead to the decrease in bio diversity.
the species may consume the food at the start of the food chain and then cause food chains and webs to be disrupted.
what does a low simpson index show
that the habitat isnt very bio diverse and is dominated by a particular species. This means that the habitat will not cope well to change or selection pressures.
suggest why ppl may dis agree to a species being re integrated into an old environment.
may no longer be suitable
may cause disruption/ danger to existing species.
what is phylogeny
it is the study of evolutionary relationships between the history of organisms and provides the basis of all clasification.
the amino acid base sequence and genes such as cytochrome can be used to compare species.
species with the same group have common ancestors.
why are species only being classified as new species recently.
more technology and research as well as dna evidence found.
reasons why it is important to conserve a species?
economic reasons such as tourism.
aesthetic reasons as they are nice to look at
our duty as humans to look after the world
extinction would cause a disruption in a food chain.
why can it be good to grow plants ex situ.
habitat may be lost. not many left in the wild stops attack by predators reproduction can be made to happen protects from pathogens
why are plants conserved as seeds and not plants
seeds are more compact and take up less space
can be collected with little damage to the wild
lower maintenance costs aswell as transports costs
can last longer
why are estimates for the number of species on the earth not accurate
lots of unexplored areas
some species cant be differentiated
species are evolving and dying out all the time
criteria checked when planning permission is taken in protected environment?
size of the development
how it will affect the wildlife
strategies to minimise the impact
what does cites stand for
Convention on international trade in endangered species
what does cites do?
regulate trade in monitored species
ensure trade doesn’t endanger populations
allow trade in less endangered species
what does rio convention on biological diversity do?
share access to scientific knowledge/ technology
share genetic resources
promoting ex situ such as seed banks.
how would it be possible to create a species of sheep with more desired characteristics?
artificial breeding
get sheep with desired characteristics and breed them
select the best offspring and breed them for generations to come
another way farmers can create quality species
uses of hormones
cloning
pesticides
how do organic fertilisers increase the yield of crops
adds nutrients to the soil such as nitrates, phosphates and potassium and magnesium.
Magnesium can be used for chlorophyll
nitrates and nitrogen is needed for proteins.
increase the quality of the soil eg the pH.
why is a decrease in biodiversity bad for agriculture in furture
less genetic biodiversity
agricultural conditions may change
genes/alleles may be lost
less resistant to change
why in conservation is it important to get species from a variety of locations?
maintains genetic diversity
so the species have less chance of interbreeding
therefore can cope to change more
why is it importatnt to conserve plants
good source of medicne
aesthetic reasons
genetic resource
part of ecosystem
why are fertilisers needed for soil
maintains yield and lost nutrients from the soil
nitrates needed for protein synthesis
describe natural selection?
theres a selection pressure
due to random mutations
some become resistant
the resistant survive and pass allele down
the non resistant die out
population of resistant species increases in abundace
what features are good in organism selected for breeding?
need to be healthy
of breeding age
more females
standard method of counting species?
unbiased method to select sampling area
method to prevent re counting
standard procedure
and sample many times
