4.2 and 4.3

Question 1

Biodiversity

Answer 1

The variety of organisms living in an area

Question 2

Species

Answer 2

A group of similar organisms able to reproduce to give fertile offspring

Question 3

Habitat

Answer 3

The area inhabited by a species

Question 4

Habitat diversity

Answer 4

The number of different habitats in an area

Question 5

Species diversity

Answer 5

The number of different species in an area

Question 6

Genetic diversity

Answer 6

The variation of alleles within a species

Question 7

What is species richness and how is it measured?

Answer 7

It is the number of different species in an area

It is measured by taking random samples of a habitat and counting the number of different species

Question 8

What is species evenness and how is it measured?

Answer 8

A measure of the relative abundance of each species in an area

It’s measured by taking random samples of a habitat and counting the number of individuals of different species

Question 9

How can genetic biodiversity be assessed?

Answer 9

Calculations can be used to monitor the genetic diversity of populations over time in order to increase the genetic diversity of needed

Question 10

What factors affect biodiversity?

Answer 10

Human population growth: habitat loss as humans destroy it, resources getting used up

Increased use of monoculture: land cleared to make way for monoculture

Climate change: forces some species to migrate

Question 11

Ecological reasons for maintaining biodiversity

Answer 11

To protect species

Many species are dependent on other organisms
Loss of one species can disrupt a food chain or nutrient cycle

Question 12

Economic reasons for maintaining biodiversity

Answer 12

Costs of soil depletion involve increased spending on fertilisers and decreased yields

Question 13

Aesthetic reasons for maintaining biodiversity

Answer 13

Areas rich in biodiversity provide nice looking landscapes which attract tourists which is also an economic advantage

Question 14

What is In situ conservation?

Answer 14

Keeping species in their natural habitats

Question 15

What is Ex situ conservation?

Answer 15

Removing species from their natural habitat

Question 16

Advantages and disadvantages of In situ conservation

Answer 16

+ conserves the species and the habitat

+ Can protect large populations

+ Less disruptive

• Harder to control some factors that threaten species e.g. Poaching

Question 17

Advantages and disadvantages of Ex situ conservation

Answer 17

+ Can better manage hunting and predators

• Difficult and expensive to create and sustain the right environment
• less successful than In situ

Question 18

Rio convention

Answer 18

Guides governments on how to conserve biodiversity

Question 19

CITES

Answer 19

An agreement designed to increase international cooperation in regulating trade in wild animals and plant specimens

Question 20

Countryside stewardship scheme

Answer 20

Aims to conserve wildlife and biodiversity to improve and extend wildlife habitats

Question 21

Name all the taxonomic groups is order

Answer 21

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 22

What are the five kingdom classifications?

Answer 22

Prokaryotae

Protoctista

Fungi

Plantae

Animalia

Question 23

Describe the binomial naming system

Answer 23

Organisms are given one internationally accepted scientific name in Latin

Avoids confusion of common names

Question 24

Intraspecific variation

Answer 24

Variation within species

Question 25

Interspecific variation

Answer 25

Variation between species

Question 26

Continuous variation

Answer 26

When individuals within a population vary within a range

Question 27

Discontinuous variation

Answer 27

When there are two or more categories and each individual falls only into one of them