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IPAP A&P1 Head/Neck/Trunk > 41X > Flashcards

41X Flashcards

1
Q

What branches into the R common carotid & R subclavian artery?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

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2
Q

What arise independently from the aortic arch?

A

L subclavian & L common carotid

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3
Q

These are direct branches from the subclavian arteries that course through transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae?

A

Vertebral arteries

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4
Q

What do the internal carotid arteries branch off of?

A

Common carotid arteries

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5
Q

Where do the internal carotid arteries enter skull?

A

Through carotid canal(s) (carotid foramen (foramina))

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6
Q

Where do the inferior carotid arteries go to?

A

Inferior anterior surface of brain

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7
Q

This supplies the external skull as branches of maxillary & superficial temporal branches?

A

External Carotid arteries

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8
Q

What supplies the eyeballs & parts of brain with blood?

A

Internal carotid arteries

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9
Q

What is the Arterial circle of Willis?

A

Is an anastomosis;

connects posterior & anterior blood supplies to brain

interconnecting basilar artery w/ internal carotid arteries

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10
Q

The external and internal jugular veins drain the head and neck into?

A

Superior vena cava

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11
Q

The Dural venous sinuses empty into?

A

Internal jugular veins

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12
Q

Which lymphatic duct drains the head and upper right extremity?

A

Right lymphatic duct

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13
Q

Which lymphatic duct drains the majority of the bodies lymphatic fluid back to venous blood?

A

Thoracic duct

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14
Q

What is the only moveable joint in the head?

A

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

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15
Q

What is between the mandibular fossa (temporal bone) & head of the mandible (condylar process of ramus of mandible)?

A

Articular disc

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16
Q

What are the muscles of TMJ?

A

Temporal
Masseter
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid

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17
Q

What are the subdivision of the posterior triangle of neck?

A

Occipital triangle

Subclavian triangle

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18
Q

How did the occipital triangle recieve its name, what is most important nerve crossing it & what are its borders?

A

1) occipital artery @ apex
2) accessory nerve
3) Anterior Border: Sternocleidomastoid
posterior border: Trapezius
inferior border: superior
surface of the belly of Omohyoid muscle

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19
Q

How did the subclavian triangle recieve its name, what is it also known as & what are its borders?

A

1) contains subclavian artery
2) Supraclavicular triangle

3) Borders are:
belly of omohyoid
sternocleidomastoid &
clavicle

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20
Q

What are the names of the anterior neck triangles?

A

Submandibular triangle
Submental triangle
Carotid triangle
muscular triangle

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21
Q

what are the borders of the submental triangle?

A

Inferior: body of hyoid

Lateral: L/R bellies of digastric muscles

Floor: 2 mylohyoid muscles

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22
Q

what does the submental triangle contain?

A

submental lymph nodes

23
Q

what are the borders of the submandibular triangle?

A

inferior border of mandible

anterior & posterior bellie of digastric muscles

24
Q

what does the submandibular triangle contain?

A

submandibular gland & facial artery/vein

25
Q

what are the borders of the Carotid triangle?

A

superior bellies of omohyoid

posterior bellies of digastric &

anterior border of sternocleidomastoid

26
Q

what does the carotid triangle contain?

A

common carotid artery ascends w/in it

(as well as internal & external carotids)

internal jugular vein
vagus nerve
thyroid gland &
larynx

27
Q

where does the common carotid divide into internal and external carotid arteries?

A

@ the level of the thyroid cartilage

28
Q

what are the borders of the muscular triangle?

A

superior belly of omohyoid

anterior border of sternocleidomastoid

median plane of neck

29
Q

what does the muscular triangle contain?

A

infrahyoid muscles

viscera of neck, such as thyroid & parathyroid glands

trachea
larynx

30
Q

what are the transient nerves of the neck?

A

vagus & phrenic nerve

31
Q

What does the vagus nerve accompany on its way to thorax & what triangles can it be found in?

A

accompanies carotid artery & internal jugular vein

found in carotid & submandibular triangles

32
Q

Where does the phrenic nerve pass on its way to innervate diaphragm?

A

along anterior scalene muscle

33
Q

How many regoins of the vertebral colum and what are they/# of vertebrae in each?

A

5 Regions;

Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacrum (5, fused)
Coccyx (4, fused)
34
Q

how many normal curves of the vertebral column & what are they?

A

4;
cervical & lumbar anteriorly convex

thoracic & sacral anteriorly concave

35
Q

where are intervertebral discs located & what do they permit?

A

1) between adjacent vertebrae from 2nd cervical (axis) to sacrum
2) permit variou movement & absorb vertical shock

36
Q

what curves are primary & secondary?

A

primary: thoracic & sacral form during fetal development

secondary: cervical (when infant raises head @ 4 months
lumbar form when infant sits/begin to walk

37
Q

What is kyphosis?

A

(humpback) abnormal thoracic curve

38
Q

What is a lordosis?

A

(sway back) anterior rotation of pelvis @ hip joint producing abnormal lumbar curvature

39
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

(curved back) abnormal lateral curvature that accompanid by rotation of vertebrae

40
Q

What forms the spinal canal?

A

all vertebral foramina together

41
Q

What creates an intervertebral foramina?

A

2 vertebral notches (1 superior & 1 inferior)

42
Q

What is the 1st cervical vertebra known as/ what it does?

A

atlas, supports skull

43
Q

What is 2nd cervical vertebra known as/ what it does?

A

axis, permits side-to-side rotation of head

44
Q

What is the 7th cervical vertebra known as?

A

vertebra prominens, has a long spinous process

45
Q

what are the characteristics of C3-C6 vertebrae?

A

smaller bodies but larger spinal canals

Transverse processes: shorter w/ transverse foramen for vertebral artey

bifid spinous processes

46
Q

What are the 2 craniovertebral joints?

A

Alanto-occipital - between atlas & occipital bone

Atlantoaxial- between atlas & axis

47
Q

What type of joints are the craniovertebral joints, range ove motion compared to other vertebrae & their articulations?

A

1) synovial joint
2) wide range compared to other vertebral joints
3) articulate w/ occipital condyles, atlas, & axis

48
Q

What does the “ring of bone” of atlas have?

A

superior facets for occipital condyles

49
Q

what process does the axis have?

A

Dens or odontoid process is the body of axis

50
Q

this is a continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament across central atlantoaxial joint trhough foramen magnum to central floor of cranial cavity

A

tectorial membrane

51
Q

What is a hangman’s fracture & what are causes?

A

fracture of both pedicles of vertebra C2

forcible hyperextension of head

52
Q

Characteristics of thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)

A

larger / stronger bodies

longer transverse/ spinous processes

Facets/ demifacets on body for head of rib

Facets of transverse processes (T1-T10) for tubercle of rib

53
Q

What are the largest / strongest vertebrae & how many are there?

A

Lumbar vertebrae; 5

54
Q

Lumbar vertebrae characteristics?

A

Strongest / largest

short/ thick spinous / transverse processes for back musculature

IPAP A&P1 Head/Neck/Trunk (2 decks)

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