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CAT B- Mod 4 Electronic Fundamentals > 4.1.3 Integrated Circuits > Flashcards

4.1.3 Integrated Circuits Flashcards

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1
Q

What are integrated circuits?

A

Combination of several electronic components in a common housing.

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2
Q

What are some of the disadvantages of integrated circuits?

A

Cannot be repaired
Need additional cooling

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3
Q

What are the three components normally integrated into an IC?

A

Semiconductors
Resistors
Capacitors

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4
Q

What are logic circuits

A

created on ICs and are made up of individual logic gates, that when assembled, perform the desired function.

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5
Q

What is used to construct logic gates?

A

Transistors

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6
Q

What does the symbol x mean?

A

Physical switch (input)

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7
Q

A switch in logic state 0 is what?

A

Open and therefore the system is off

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8
Q

What is a NOT gate also known as?

A

Inverter

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9
Q

What does a NOT gate do?

A

Invert the logic so that if the input is 0 then the output is 1.

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10
Q

How does an AND gate work?

A

If all the inputs are 1.

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11
Q

How does an OR gate work?

A

Only one input is required for an output.

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12
Q

What is the boolean algebra for an OR gate?

A

X = A+B (+ signifies OR)

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13
Q

What is a NAND gate?

A

Combination of AND and NOT, meaning AND must be met and then inverted.

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14
Q

What is a NOR gate?

A

Inverted OR gate. Essentially always off unless there is zero input.

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15
Q

What is an XOR gate?

A

Modified OR gate, there can only be one input for it to be on, if they’re both off or On then it is off

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16
Q

What are analogue integrated circuits?

A

Integrated circuits that operate over an entire range of continuous values of the signal amplitude

17
Q

What is a linear integrated circuit?

A

linear relationship between its voltage and current

18
Q

What is an example of a linear IC?

A

IC 741, eight pin dual inline package

19
Q

What is a radio frequency IC?

A

non-linear relation between its voltage and current. A non-linear IC is also called a radio frequency IC

20
Q

What is a linear circuit?

A

One where the input is directly proportional to the output.

21
Q

Where are linear circuits used?

A

These circuits are used in small signal amplifiers, differentiators, and integrators.

22
Q

What is the most used linear IC?

A

Operational amplifier (Op-Amp)

23
Q

What circuits are Op-Amps used in?

A

Signal processing circuits, control circuits, and instrumentation.

24
Q

What differs an OP-Amp from a transformer?

A

Unlike a transformer that can only amplify voltage or current, the Op-Amp also amplifies power output.

25
Q

How is pin 1 marked on a IC?

A

With a dot, starting on the left they are then numbered anti-clockwise.

26
Q

The + and - on the OP-Amp don’t indicate polarity, what do they indicate?

A

The pin which has inverting input (-) and the pin with non-inverting input (+).

27
Q

If an OP-Amp has voltage inputs of +/-30Vdc what can the input swing by?

A

+/-15Vdc either side of 0

28
Q

When getting feedback from an Op-Amp, what happens when the loop is connected to the inverting side?

A

You get negative feedback.

29
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

gain of the amplifier decreases, but the stability and bandwidth increase and there is a decrease in distortion.

30
Q

What is the key idea of amplifiers?

A

They give us power gain

31
Q

How are Op-Amps defined?

A

By their uses:
Inverters
Buffers
Differential
Summing
Comparator

32
Q

What is an inverting Op-Amp?

A

constant or fixed-gain amplifier producing a negative output voltage as its gain is always negative.

33
Q

What is a buffer (Voltage follower) Op-Amp?

A

voltage follower unity gain, a non-inverting buffer that requires only an operational amplifier.

34
Q

What is a differential Op-Amp?

A

voltage subtractor circuit that produces an output voltage proportional to the voltage difference of two input signals.

35
Q

What is a summing Op-Amp?

A

combine the voltages present on two or more inputs into a single output voltage.

36
Q

What is a comparator Op-Amp?

A

compares one analogue voltage level with another analogue voltage level or some preset and produces an output signal based on this voltage comparison

37
Q

What is an integrator Op-Amp?

A

Considers duration of the signal, main difference is the feedback loop is replaced with a capacitor.

CAT B- Mod 4 Electronic Fundamentals (5 decks)

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