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Chem Module 4 - core organic chemsitry > 4.1.1 Basic Concepts Of Core Organic Chemsitry (naming + Representing Formulae) > Flashcards

4.1.1 Basic Concepts Of Core Organic Chemsitry (naming + Representing Formulae) Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s organic chemistry the study of

A

Compounds contain carbon

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2
Q

What can ‘organic’ compounds only be made by

A

Living organisms

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3
Q

How are organic compounds all bonded

A

Covalently (share electrons)

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4
Q

What causes the 3D shape

A

Electrons repelling

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5
Q

What’s the molecule shape if methane

A

4 bonds

Tetrahedral

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6
Q

What’s a ‘family’

A

Homologous series with same functional group (last name)

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7
Q

What carbon bonds do alkanes have

A

Single c-c

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8
Q

First 10 alkanes

A 
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane 
Nonane
Decade
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9
Q

Formula of methane, ethane, propane

A

CH4
C2H6
C3H8

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10
Q

What are the bond angles at each carbon atom usuallly in an alkane
Why

A

109.5*

Gives maximum distance that 4 electron pairs from each covalent bond can be apart (repels)

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11
Q

General formula of alkane

A

CnH2n+2

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12
Q

What do memebers of the alkane family have similar if

A

Similar chemical properties + physical properties

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13
Q

When do melting + boiling points increase in alkanes

A

As size and intermolecular forces increase (van der waals)

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14
Q

What’s the general formula for the alkene homologous series

A

CnH2n

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15
Q

What are alkanes as they contain only single bonds

A

Saturated

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16
Q

Why are alkenes unSaturated

A

They contain double bonds that can react with hydrogen in a hydrogenation reaction

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17
Q

What are functional groups

A

An atom/group of atoms that determined the chemical properties of a molecule

18
Q

First 3 alkenes

A

Ethene
Butene
Propene

19
Q

Formula for ethene, butene and propene

A

C2H4
C3H6
C4H8

20
Q

Empirical formula of Propene (C3H6)

A

CH2

21
Q

What type of hydrocarbons are alkanes

A

Saturated

22
Q

Another name for a haloalkane

A

Halogenoalkane

23
Q

What’s a haloalkane

E.g

A

Carbon bonded to halogen

E.g chloromethane (CH3Cl)

24
Q

How do you spot an alcohol

E.g

A

-OH

Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)

25
Q

How do you spot an aldehyde

E.g

A

-CHO

E.g Ethanal (CH3CHO)

26
Q

How many carbons does the smallest possible ketone have

A

3 carbons

27
Q

How to spot a ketone

E.g

A

C=O

Propanone

28
Q

How to spot a carboxylic acid

E.g

A

COOH

CH3COOH ethanoic acid

29
Q

How to spot an ester

E.g

A

COO

Methyl ethanoate

30
Q

What does the functional group in a part of organic molecule usually do

A

The reacting + determines reactions

31
Q

What’s the difference between empirical formula and molecular formula

A

Empirical formula = simplest ratio of atoms

Molecular formula = actual number of atoms

32
Q

What’s the difference between displayed formula and structural formula

A

Displayed formula - shows every atom and bond

Structural formula - shows arrangement of atoms, without showing all bonds (abbreviation)- no linkages , straight line

33
Q

What’s an alkyl group

A

A hydrocarbon branch off a main carbon chain

34
Q

First 4 alkyl groups

A

1 - methyl
2- ethyl
3 - propyl
4 - butyl

35
Q

6 iupac rules

A

Find longest hydrocarbon chain (parent alkane)
Identify functional groups + alkyl groups present
Assign numbers (small as possible and put in front of parent alkane)
Use di,tri,tetra to show how many attached groups there are
Place names alphabetically if more than 1 alkyl group
If carboxylic acid (COOH) or aldehyde(CHO) are present this is carbon 1

36
Q

5 different types of formulas

A 
Empirical formula
Molecular formula
Displayed formula
Structural formula
Skeletal formula
37
Q

3 examples of skeletal formulas

A

Acetone
Aspirin
Caffeine

38
Q

Why do chemists use skeletal formula

A

As it’s faster and more convenient especially if the molecule is large

39
Q

5 skeletal formula construction rules

A

Carbon atoms are never shown
Hydrogen atoms only shown when attached to heteroatoms (O,S,N)
Carbon is represented by point of an angle/endpoint of a line
Bonds between carbon atoms are represented by a line
Number of hydrogen atoms attached to a carbon atom can be deduced by remembering each carbon atom must have 4 bonds

40
Q

How many bonds must each carbon atom have

A

4

Chem Module 4 - core organic chemsitry (5 decks)

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