4.10.4 The Haber process and the use of NPK fertilisers Flashcards
What is the Haber process used for?
The Haber process is used to manufacture ammonia, which can be used to produce nitrogen-based fertilisers.
What are the raw materials for the Haber process?
The raw materials for the Haber process are nitrogen and hydrogen.
What catalyst is used in the Haber process?
The purified gases are passed over a catalyst of iron.
What are the conditions for the Haber process?
The conditions are a high temperature (about 450°C) and a high pressure (about 200 atmospheres).
What is the reaction in the Haber process?
Nitrogen and hydrogen react to form ammonia:
N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃
What happens to ammonia after it is produced in the Haber process?
On cooling, the ammonia liquefies and is removed. The remaining hydrogen and nitrogen are recycled.
What are NPK fertilisers?
NPK fertilisers contain compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium used to improve agricultural productivity.
How are NPK fertilisers produced industrially?
Industrial production of NPK fertilisers can be achieved using a variety of raw materials in several integrated processes.
What salts can ammonia be used to manufacture?
Ammonia can be used to manufacture ammonium salts and nitric acid.
How is phosphate rock used in fertiliser production?
Phosphate rock is treated with nitric acid or sulfuric acid to produce soluble salts that can be used as fertilisers.
What should students be able to recall regarding phosphate rock?
Students should be able to recall the names of the salts produced when phosphate rock is treated with nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid.
What is a comparison students should make regarding fertilisers?
Students should compare the industrial production of fertilisers with laboratory preparations of the same compounds, given appropriate information.
