4.1 What Is Matter? Flashcards
Matter
Anything that has mass and volume
Atom
The basic building block of all matter
-smallest unit of matter still retaining the properties of an element
Categories of Matter
-Mixture (Homogeneous, Heterogeneous)
Physical Techniques
-Pure Substances (Compounds [Chemical Reactions] Elements)
Physical Combination
A mixture of different substances that do not chemically react with one another
Pure Substance
A form of matter that has a constant composition and constant properties throughout a sample
Heterogeneous Mixture
A mixture consisting of visibly different substances
Homogeneous Mixture
A mixture that appears uniform throughout
-often referred to as solutions
Element
A pure substance made up of only one type of atom
Compounds
Pure substances that are made up of more than one type of atom
-fixed ratio
Molecule/Ion
The smallest particle of a compound
Three Types of Elements
- metal
- nonmetal
- metalloid
Metalloids
- Boron (B)
- Silicon (Si)
- Germanium (Ge)
- Arsenic (As)
- Antimony (Sb)
- Tellurium (Te)
Nine Elements Whose Symbol Comes from Latin
sodium (Na), potassium (K), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), iron (Fe), antimony (Sb), mercury (Hg)
Na
Sodium
Latin: Natrium
K
Potassium
Latin: Kalium
Pb
Lead
Latin: Plumbum
Cu
Copper
Latin: Cuprum
Ag
Silver
Latin: Argentum
Au
Gold
Latin: Aurum
Fe
Iron
Latin: Ferrum
Sb
Antimony
Latin: Stibium
Hg
Mercury
Latin: Hydroargentum
The Law of Constant Composition
The ratio by mass of the elements in a compound is always the same, regardless of the source of the compound.
Composition of Pure Water
- 8% oxygen
11. 2% hydrogen
Two Types of Compounds
- ionic
- molecular
Ionic Compounds
Consist of positive metal ion and negative nonmetal ion
-opposite charges must add up to zero
OH-
Polyatomic ion hydroxide
