4.1 - intro to genetics

Question 1

genotype

Answer 1

your genes/genetic information

Question 2

sex vs gender

Answer 2

sex is biological differences related to genitalia and chromosomes while gender is about identity

Question 3

phenotype

Answer 3

how your genes outwardly express

Question 4

genetics

Answer 4

studies heredity, variation and how traits are passed through generations

Question 5

inheritance

Answer 5

in sexually reproducing organisms, the inheritance of traits determines genetic variation among offspring

Question 6

genetic variation is required for

Answer 6

evolution

Question 7

DNA facts

Answer 7

Deoxyribonucleic acid
genetic code found in all cells
structure is identical in all plants and animals
double helix

Question 8

what makes organisms unique (in DNA)

Answer 8

order of nitrogenous bases in DNA

Question 9

Genes

Answer 9

segments of DNA that control the expression of a trait

Question 10

genes hold instructions for

Answer 10

protein, which forms cell structure and enzymes

Question 11

chromosomes facts

Answer 11

coiled DNA
chromosomes passed from parent to offspring
number of chromosomes vary betw organisms
each chromosome carries genetic information for a specific trait

Question 12

locus

Answer 12

the specific location on a chromosome that a gene occupies

Question 13

2 types of human cells

Answer 13

somatic and reproductive

Question 14

somatic cells

Answer 14

body cells
any cell except sperm/egg
contain 46 chromosomes (2 sets of 23)
diploid

Question 15

reproductive cells

Answer 15

gametes
sperm/egg
contain 23 chromosomes (1 set of 23)
haploid

Question 16

haploid

Answer 16

a cell containing a single set of chromosomes

Question 17

diploid

Answer 17

a cell containing 2 sets of chromosomes

Question 18

polyploid

Answer 18

a cell with more than 2 sets of chromosomes eg. many plants such as strawberries which have 10 chromosome sets

Question 19

cell division desc

Answer 19

fundamental to living things
single-celled organisms reproduce via cell division and multicellular organisms use cell division for growth (mitosis) and to make gametes (meiosis)

Question 20

asexual reproduction desc

Answer 20

production of offspring from a single parent cell by division (genetically identical) (mitosis)

Question 21

examples of asexual reproduction

Answer 21

binary fission
budding
fragmentation
cloning
spores

Question 22

3 biological advantages to asexual reproduction

Answer 22

parent doesnt need to seek out a mate
parent does not need specialized anatomy
reproduction happens quickly

Question 23

biological disadvantage to asexual reproduction

Answer 23

lack of genetic diversity + evolution means one is susceptible to the same diseases

Question 24

sexual reproduction desc

Answer 24

the production of offspring from fusion of two sex cells
genetically different
gametes form via meiosis

Question 25

3 biological advantages to sexual reproduction

Answer 25

genetic diversity!!
can prevent the elimination of an entire species
as factors change, genetic diversity allows a species to adapt

Question 26

2 biological disadvantages to sexual reproduction

Answer 26

many organisms need specialized organs
can be costly, mating calls/colours attract mates AND predators

Question 27

examples of sexual reproduction

Answer 27

fungi hyphae fusion
plants pollen grains and eggs
sperm and egg (internal and external for diff animalia)