4.1 Geology And Uk Flashcards
What is igneous rock?
Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Its over 100 million years old. Examples are basalt, granite and obsidian and can be found in Plymouth.
Sedimentary rock
Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth’s surface and within bodies of water. They are over 100 million years old. Types are sandstone, limestone and siltstone.
Metamorphic and igneous rock
The main difference between Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic rocks, is the way that they are formed, and their various textures. Igneous rocks are formed when magma (or molten rocks) cool down, and become solid.
Granite and carboniferous limestone
Granite is composed mainly of quartz and feldspar with minor amounts of mica, amphiboles, and other minerals. This mineral composition usually gives granite a red, pink, gray, or white color with dark mineral grains visible throughout the rock.
formation and characteristics of granite and carboniferous limestone
Granite is composed mainly of quartz and feldspar with minor amounts of mica, amphiboles, and other minerals. This mineral composition usually gives granite a red, pink, gray, or white color with dark mineral grains visible throughout the rock. And Carboniferous Limestone is a collective term for the succession of limestones occurring widely throughout Great Britain and Ireland that were deposited during the Dinantian Epoch of the Carboniferous Period. These rocks formed between 363 and 325 million years ago.
formation and characteristics of chalk and slate
Slate is a low grade metamorphic rock that is generally formed by metamorphosis of mudstone or shale, under relatively low pressure and temperature conditions. Chalk is formed from lime mud, which accumulates on the sea floor which is then transformed into rock by
how active volcanoes shaped the uplands of the UK
Lava would flow down the volcano, then it would solidify perhaps taking rivers away and forming rocks and mountains.
how glacial erosion and deposition shaped the UK uplands
The base of glacier ice melts because of pressure and friction. This allows water to freeze into cracks in the rocks and when the glacier moves it pulls out chunks to leave a jagged surface.
when and how sedimentary rock was formed across the UK Lowlands
Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediments that have settled at the bottom of a lake, sea or ocean, and have been compressed over millions of years. The sediment comes from eroded rocks carried there by rivers or ice, and from the skeletons of sea creatures.
how glacial deposition shaped the UK Lowlands
As the glaciers moved along the Uk, they picked up debris, eventually shaping the landscape.
how scarp and vale topography forms in the UK Lowlands
Scarp-and-vale topography A landscape consisting of a roughly parallel sequence of cuestas (scarps and dip slopes) and intervening valleys (‘vales’). It is typically found on uniclinal (homoclinal) structures whose beds show differing lithological composition and consequently varied resistance to denudation. It dominates most of lowland Britain, which is characterized by Mesozoic sediments dipping gently towards the east and south-east.
