4.1 - Geology Flashcards
What are the past processes involved in shaping the UK’s upland landscape?
Glaciation, Geology, Tectonic processes
How to find age of rocks?
Carbon dating
What’s strata?
When skeletons fall to the sea floor, horizontal layers are made (strata) then turned into solid rock.
What do you know about glaciation?
The last ice age was 10,000 years ago.
Main process of glaciation was glacial erosion.
Glaciers formed U shaped valleys and glacial troughs.
When glaciers melted, Hugh amounts of water was left and eroded landscapes.
What do you know about tectonic processes?
Over 300 million years ago.
The plate on which the UK sits shifted from the tropics.
Convection currents uplifted rocks from below the sea in order to create new land.
During uplift, some rocks snapped and moved along the faults in a series of earthquakes. Each movement disturbed the strata (so that they tilted). If they’re at a steep edge, they’re known as a fault scarp.
What’s the tees/exe line?
A line running from the tees river to the river exe which separates the upland and the lowland.
What are igneous rocks?
Created by volcanic activity when magma cools, forming rocks made of crystals - usually very resistant. Made over 400+ million years ago. Found in the upland (north of tees/exe line).
What are sedimentary rocks?
Formed of small particles that have been eroded, transported and deposited in layers or of the remains of plants/animals. Not very resistant / weak, easily eroded. Found in the lowlands (south of tees/exe line). 2 to 350 million years ago.
What are metamorphic rocks?
Existing rocks that have been changed by extreme pressure or heat. Usually comprised of layers or bands of crystals - very hard. They’re very resistant like igneous, found in the uplands (north of tees/exe line).
Sandstone
Sedimentary, found in the south, is used for building.
Clay
Sedimentary, found in the south, used for pottery, construction, bricks, tiles and porcelain.
Slate/Schist
Metamorphic, found in the north, used for roofs, chalkboards, patio, ceramic glazes.
Chalk
Sedimentary, found in the south, used for raising PH with higher acidity, cleaning, antacid, board.
Granite
Igneous, found in the north, used for building, monuments, tombstones, graves.
Properties of igneous rock?
- Resistant
- Crystals
- Magma cooled
- Oldest type of rock
