4.1: functions of the nucleus & cell

Question 1

cell membrane

Answer 1

separates the inside of a cell from its external environment

Question 2

cell wall

Answer 2

only plant cells have a cell wall, separates inside of the cell from its external environment.

Question 3

cytoplasm

Answer 3

jelly like substance, contains organelles and other life supporting materials.

Question 4

mitochondria

Answer 4

makes protein with cellular respiration, which provides energy for the cell.

Question 5

chloroplast

Answer 5

traps energy from the sun and makes glucose; chlorophyll is in chloroplast.

Question 6

ribosomes

Answer 6

small organelles that do not have membranes, some float in cytoplasm or are on the end of the ER. they are like manufacturing plants that make protein.

Question 7

E.R.

Answer 7

network of membrane covered channels within a cell, is a transport system for materials made in the cell.

Question 8

vesicles

Answer 8

membrane covered sacs that form off the ends of the ER. transports new proteins to the Golgi body

Question 9

Golgi body

Answer 9

is a specialized organelle that sorts and packages proteins for transport.

Question 10

Vacuoles

Answer 10

are membrane covered storage containers within cells

Question 11

nucleus

Answer 11

controls all the activities within a cell

Question 12

nucleolus

Answer 12

makes ribosomes in the nucleus

Question 13

nuclear pores

Answer 13

are openings in the nuclear membrane that allow only certain materials into and out of the nucleus

Question 14

lysosome

Answer 14

takes care of waste removal within a cell

Question 15

the levels of organisms are:

Answer 15

cells-tissue-organs-organ systems-body.

Question 16

3 characteristics of something alive:

Answer 16

they breathe/respiration, respond to stimuli, produce waste, need source of energy, grow, ability to reproduce

Question 17

structural differences between a plant and animal cell:

Answer 17

1) plant cells have a cell wall and a cell membrane
2) plant cells have organelles called chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll, a pigment which allows the plant to absorb light energy from the sun to make food for itself.
3) both plant and animal cells have vacuoles but there is generally one large one in plant cells.

Question 18

cellular respiration word equation

Answer 18

glucose+oxygen= carbon dioxide+ water

Question 19

photosynthesis word equation

Answer 19

carbon dioxide+water= glucose+oxygen

Question 20

DNA

Answer 20

carries the master set of instructions for cell function

Question 21

describe the arrangement of the DNA ladder

Answer 21

the sides of the DNA are made of sugar and phosphate, the steps of the ladder are made up of four nitrogen bases which are adenine+thymine cytosine=guanine

Question 22

what is the DNA message

Answer 22

the DNA message is the arrangement of bases in the DNA

Question 23

chromatin

Answer 23

chromatin is a substance that contains DNA and proteins, most of the time DNA exists in the nucleus in the form of chromatin

Question 24

chromosome

Answer 24

a threadlike structure in a cell nucleus that carries genes. every organism has a characteristic number of chromosome, chromosomes within the nucleus are found in pairs. most human cells have 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs.

Question 25

genes

Answer 25

genes are found on chromosomes. genes are small segments of DNA located at specific places on a chromosome, genes store the information needs to produce 90,000-100,000 of the different proteins used in the cells of your body

Question 26

how does protein determine what body cells will become and how they will function.

Answer 26

each of our bodies has the same number of genetic stored within its 46 chromosomes. however only specific genes are read in each cell to produce specific proteins. by making specific proteins a cell becomes specialized to carry out a particular function. specialized cells come together to form tissue (such as your retinas) and tissues come together to form organs (such as your eyes).

Question 27

how are proteins produced

Answer 27

1. the nucleus receives a chemical signal to produce a specific protein
2. the DNA message for a specific protein is copied into an RNA molecule
3. RNA leaves through a nuclear pore
4. the RNA message is delivered to the ribosome, and the ribosome makes the protein
5. the protein enters the ER
6. a vesicle carries the protein to the Golgi body
7. the Golgi body repackages the protein for transport out of the cell
8. a vesicle carries the protein from the Golgi body to the cell membrane
9. the vesicle attaches to the cell membrane, and the protein is released out of the cell.