4.1 DNA, genes and chromosomes

Question 1

Eukaryotic DNA

Answer 1

Linear existing as chromosomes, in the nucleus, really long, associated with proteins (histones)

Question 2

Mitochondria and chloroplast DNA

Answer 2

Similar to prokaryotic DNA, circular, shorter, not associated with proteins

Question 3

Prokaryotic DNA

Answer 3

Shorter, circular, not associated with histones

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

A sequence of DNA bases that codes for either a polypeptide or functional RNA

Question 5

Triplet

Answer 5

Three bases which code for one amino acid

Question 6

Functional RNA

Answer 6

RNA molecules other than mRNA, which perform special tasks during protein synthesis (e.g. tRNA, rRNA)

Question 7

Genome

Answer 7

The complete set of genes in the cell

Question 8

Proteome

Answer 8

The full range of proteins that the cell is able to produce

Question 9

Introns

Answer 9

Sections of genes which don’t code for amino acids

Question 10

Exons

Answer 10

Parts of a gene that do code for amino acids

Question 11

Non-coding repeats

Answer 11

DNA sequences that repeat but don’t code for amino acids

Question 12

Alleles

Answer 12

Different forms of a gene, order of bases slightly different. Alleles coding for the same characteristic will be found at the same locus on each chromosomes in a homologous pair