4.1 Disease & Plant Defences Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a disease?

A

Abnormal condition of an organism impairing its function accompanied by symptoms

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2
Q

In what ways can disease be classified?

A

Timescale
Causes
Infectious or not
Inherited

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3
Q

Timescale - what is acute and what is chronic?

A

Acute - develops quickly e.g angina

Chronic - develops slowly e.g. Chronic bronchitis

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4
Q

Causes - disease can be single causal or multi factural give examples of each:

A

Single - caused by a single mutated gene e.g. Sickle cell anaemia
Multi - genetic and environmental causes E.g. Cardiovascular disease

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5
Q

Give examples of infectious and non infectious diseases:

A

Infectious e.g. HIV

Non e.g. Lung cancer

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6
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

Disease causing organism

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7
Q

Pathogens can damage cells e.g. How do malarial parasites work?

A

By bursting rbc’s

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8
Q

Some pathogens produce toxins - what is the difference between exotoxins and endotoxins?

A

Exo - secreted by living pathogen

Endo - released when pathogen is damaged

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9
Q

Cell damage - viruses take over what?

A

Cell metabolism

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10
Q

Cell damage - some protoctists take over cells and do what?

A

Break them open as they produce a new generation

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11
Q

Cell damage - fungi digest living cells doing what?

A

Destroying them

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12
Q

Bacteria produce toxins that damage cells by doing what?

A

Breaking down membranes
Inactivating enzymes
Interfering with hosts genetic material

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