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Chemistry AS OCR > 4.1 definitions > Flashcards

4.1 definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Nomenclature

A

is the naming system for compounds

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2
Q

A homologous series

A

is a series of organic compounds that have the same functional group with successive members differing by CH2.

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3
Q

An aliphatic hydrocarbon

A

is a hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains.

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4
Q

An alicyclic hydrocarbon

A

is a hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure.

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5
Q

Aromatic hydrocarbons

A

contain at least one benzene ring.

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6
Q

What is the formula, prefix and suffix for an alcohol?

A

-OH, hydroxy-, -ol

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7
Q

What is the formula, prefix and suffix for an aldehyde?

A

-CHO (double bonded oxygen ), no prefix. -al

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8
Q

What is the formula, prefix and suffix for an alkane?

A

C-C, no prefix and -ane

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9
Q

What is the formula, prefix and suffix for an alkene?

A

C=C, no prefix and -ene

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10
Q

What is the formula, prefix and suffix for a carboxylic acid?

A

-COOH (double bonded oxygen), no prefix and -oic acid

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11
Q

What is the formula, prefix and suffix for a haloalkane?

A
  • F, Floro-, no suffix
  • Cl, chloro-,
  • Br, bromo,
  • I, ido-,
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12
Q

What is the formula, prefix and suffix for a ketone?

A

C-CO-C, no prefix and -one

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13
Q

Saturated compound

A

have only single bonds

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14
Q

A functional group

A

is a group of atoms that is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of a chemical.

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15
Q

General formula

A

is the simplest algebraic formula for a homologous series.

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16
Q

A displayed formula

A

shows the relative positions of atoms and the bonds between them

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17
Q

A structural formula

A

provides the minimum detail for the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.

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18
Q

Empirical formula

A

show the smallest whole number ratio of atoms of the elements in a compound.

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19
Q

skeletal formula

A

is the simplified structural formula drawn by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains.

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20
Q

unsaturated organic compunds

A

contain at least one carbon-carbon double covalent bond.

21
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

are compounds that contain only hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms.

22
Q

Saturated organic compunds

A

contain only single covalent bonds.

23
Q

molecular formula

A

shows the numbers and type of the atoms of each element in a compound.

24
Q

structual isomers

A

are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structual formulae.

25
Q

A functional group

A

is a group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound.

26
Q

stereoisomers

A

are organic compounds with the same molecular formula and structual formula but having different arrangements of atoms in space.

27
Q

Cis-trans isomerism

A

is a type of E/Z isomerism in which the two substituent groups attached to both carbon atoms of the C=C bond are the same.

28
Q

E/Z isomerism

A

is a type of stereoisomerism caused by the restricted rotation around the double bond- two different groups are attached to both carbon atoms of the C=C double bond.

29
Q

Reaction mechanisms

A

are models that show the movement of electron pairs during a reaction.

30
Q

Curly arrows

A

model the flow of electron pairs during reaction mechanisms.

31
Q

Homolytic fission

A

happens when each bonding atom receives one electron from the bonded pair, forming two radicals.

32
Q

Radicals

A

are species with one or more unpaired electron.

33
Q

Heterolytic fission

A

happens when one bonding atom receives both electrons from the bonding pair.

34
Q

Alkanes

A

are a homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons

35
Q

A homologous series

A

is a family of organic compounds that have the same functional group, but successive members differ by CH2.

36
Q

A hydrocarbon

A

is an organic molecule that contains only carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms.

37
Q

complete combustion

A

is oxidising a fuel in a plentiful supply of air

38
Q

incomplete combustion

A

is oxidising a fuel in a limited supply of air.

39
Q

alkenes

A

are a homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons.

40
Q

Unsaturated organic compunds

A

contain at least one multiple C=C bond.

41
Q

Stereoisomers

A

have the same structual formula but different arrangements in space.

42
Q

Cis-trans isomerism

A

is a type of E/Z isomerism in which two substituent groups attached to each carbon atom in the C=C bond are the same.

43
Q

An electrophile

A

is an electron pair acceptor.

44
Q

A reaction mechanism

A

is a model that shows the movement of electrons in an organic reaction.

45
Q

Monomers

A

are small molecules that are used to make polymers.

46
Q

Polymers

A

are macromolecules made from small repeating units.

47
Q

A repeating unit

A

is a specific arrangement of atoms that occurs in a structure over and over again.

48
Q

Biodegradable

A

materials are affected by the action of microorganisms and environmental conditions, leading to decomposition.

49
Q

A bioplastic

A

is a material made from a renewable scource that is biodegradeable.

Chemistry AS OCR (7 decks)

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