4.1 defence against pathogens Flashcards
1
Q
what defences do most animals have to prevent pathogens from entering an organism?
A
most animals have a range of non-specific, primary defences to prevent pathogens from entering an organism
2
Q
what is a non-specific defence?
A
a non-specific defence works in the same way for all pathogens
3
Q
what are the primary, non-specific defences animals have?
A
the primary, non-specific defences animals have include:
- skin
- mucous membranes
- blood clotting
- inflammation
- wound repair
- expulsive reflexes
4
Q
skin
A
the skin acts as:
- a physical barrier, blocking pathogens from entering the body
- a chemical barrier by producing chemicals that are antimicrobial and can lower pH, inhibiting the growth of pathogens
5
Q
what does the skin act as?
A
the skin acts as a physical and chemical barrier
6
Q
how does the skin act as a physical barrier?
A
the skin blocks pathogens from entering the body
7
Q
how does the skin act as a chemical barrier?
A
the skin produces chemicals that are antimicrobial and can lower pH, inhibiting the growth of pathogens
