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GCSE Geography > 4.1- Changing Cities > Flashcards

4.1- Changing Cities Flashcards

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1
Q

what percentage of the world live in cities?

A

50 percent

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2
Q

what are the main causes of urbanisation in developed countries?

A

industrialation- rise of factory jobs meant poeple moved from rural to urban areas

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3
Q

what are the causes of urbanisation in developing countries?

A

people seeking a better quality of life

natural population increase

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4
Q

what will the urban population be by 2030?

A

5 billion

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5
Q

what is a negative effect of urbanisation in developing countries?

A

shanty towns often develop

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6
Q

what are some effects of urbanisation?

A

Air noise and pollution increase
Wealth gap widens
Investment increases, leading to greater economic opportunities

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7
Q

what do shanty towns develop?

A

migrants are often poor and cannot afford housing or there is not enough of it so they build shanty towns.

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8
Q

why does population density vary in the north?

A

there are few major cities up north and land relief makes it difficult or build cities

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9
Q

why does liverpool have a higher population density?

A

Liverpool has a high population density because it has a port which provides thousands of opportunities for industry and employment

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10
Q

what is the overall population density in the uk?

A

266 people/km sqaured

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11
Q

what is the site of Birmingham city?

A

located in the Midlands

began as a small village

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12
Q

what is the situation of Birmingham city?

A

located centrally in England and has excellent road links or the north and south of the uk

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13
Q

what is the connectivity of birmingham city?

A

many transport networks including the airport, the railway station and access to the m5,6, and m42

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14
Q

what is in Birmingham’s CBD?

A

main hub of city with lots of offices, shops and hotels. it has recently been redeveloped to introduce the bullring shopping centre

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15
Q

what is located in Birmingham’s inner city?

A

tightly packed terraced houses and blocks of flats.

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16
Q

what is lasted in briminghams subburbs?

A

lower building density of semi detached housing

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17
Q

what is located in the urban-rural fringe?

A

fewer larger detached houses that were built recently

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18
Q

why did Birmingham undergo a phase of urbanisation?

A

rise in industry
city of 1000 trades
influenced by jewelery

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19
Q

why did Birmingham undergo a phase of suburbanisation?

A

in 1920s a rising population meant building new buildings on city outskirts

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20
Q

why did Birmingham undergo a phase of counter urbanisation?

A

5 new areas built an inner city

people forced out of urban places to go to places like Redditch

21
Q

what is the main cause of people moving out in Birmingham?

A

retirement homes in the south like Bournemouth

22
Q

what is the main cause of people moving in in Birmingham.

A

continued investment in the CBD has created more employment opportunities

23
Q

what is the impact of migration to services and housing?

A

the demands are higher and more pressure is put on gp’s and the government

24
Q

why did Birmingham deindustrialize?

A

there was an increase in mechanisation and outsourcing to more urban areas.
old factories were removed to make way for housing

25
Q

why is birmingham getting poorer?

A

lack of investment

deindustrialisation

26
Q

How did birminghams CBD change in the 19th century?

A

people moved aways to subburbs to avoid polloution

27
Q

How did birminghams CBD change in the 1870s?

A

manufacturing industrys located to subburbs

28
Q

How did birminghams CBD change in the 1980s?

A

shopping outlets moved to out of town areas like merry hill

29
Q

how is birmingham being more sustainable?

A

busses are powered by gas
35km2 of parks
recycling is still under average at 30.1 percent
continued investment towards energy efficient housing

30
Q

what is the site of mexico?

A

in aztec times it was a settlement on an island

31
Q

what is the situation of mexico?

A

a flat landscape surrounded by volcanoes located on central plateau

32
Q

what is the connectivity of mexico?

A

it is the main link between north and south america and a national base for tv and radio

33
Q

what is in the CBD of mexico?

A

office blocks and government buildings

34
Q

what is in the inner city of mexico?

A

cheap blocks of multistory flats rented out to tenents

35
Q

what is in the suburbs of mexico?

A

middle class housing with tight security and armed guards

36
Q

what is in the urban-rural fringe of mexico?

A

shanty towns and illegal squatter settlements

37
Q

what is the current population of mexico

A

19 million

38
Q

Why is there a growing population in mexico?

A

natural increase
migration
economic investment

39
Q

what are some negative impacts of migration in mexico?

A

greater need for homes leads to more shanty towns
higher population density and less poverty
increase in pollution
increased crime because of fewer jobs
rising demand for water which cant always be supplied
fewer jobs
informal economy

40
Q

what is minimum wage in mexico?

A

4 dollars/day

41
Q

what is a KOOOL fact about wages in mexico?

A

the top 20% earn 13 times as much as the bottom 20%

42
Q

why is there inequality in education in mexico?

A

poorest 10% only have 2 years education

richest 10% have 12 years education

43
Q

what are impacts of rapid urbanisation in mexico?

A 
house shortages
squatter settlements
under employment
polloution 
inadequate services
44
Q

what is a KOOL fact about mexico’s inadequate services?

A

mexico creates 13000 tonnes of rubbish/day but struggles to dispose of it and lots is dumped on the streets

45
Q

what are top down projects?

A

large scale projects managed by city governments

46
Q

what are bottom up projects?

A

small scale projects often funded by NGO’s or communitys

47
Q

what is an example of a bottom up project in mexico?

A

locals working together to build schools and health centres
rooftop gardens have taken off
educating children about managing a garden

48
Q

what is a transport scheme that mexico introduced?

A

in 2005 the government introduced metrobus to reduce 35000 tonnes of co2 / year and helps move 250000 people a day taking 30 min soff their journey

GCSE Geography (20 decks)

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