4.1- Changing Cities Flashcards
what percentage of the world live in cities?
50 percent
what are the main causes of urbanisation in developed countries?
industrialation- rise of factory jobs meant poeple moved from rural to urban areas
what are the causes of urbanisation in developing countries?
people seeking a better quality of life
natural population increase
what will the urban population be by 2030?
5 billion
what is a negative effect of urbanisation in developing countries?
shanty towns often develop
what are some effects of urbanisation?
Air noise and pollution increase
Wealth gap widens
Investment increases, leading to greater economic opportunities
what do shanty towns develop?
migrants are often poor and cannot afford housing or there is not enough of it so they build shanty towns.
why does population density vary in the north?
there are few major cities up north and land relief makes it difficult or build cities
why does liverpool have a higher population density?
Liverpool has a high population density because it has a port which provides thousands of opportunities for industry and employment
what is the overall population density in the uk?
266 people/km sqaured
what is the site of Birmingham city?
located in the Midlands
began as a small village
what is the situation of Birmingham city?
located centrally in England and has excellent road links or the north and south of the uk
what is the connectivity of birmingham city?
many transport networks including the airport, the railway station and access to the m5,6, and m42
what is in Birmingham’s CBD?
main hub of city with lots of offices, shops and hotels. it has recently been redeveloped to introduce the bullring shopping centre
what is located in Birmingham’s inner city?
tightly packed terraced houses and blocks of flats.
what is lasted in briminghams subburbs?
lower building density of semi detached housing
what is located in the urban-rural fringe?
fewer larger detached houses that were built recently
why did Birmingham undergo a phase of urbanisation?
rise in industry
city of 1000 trades
influenced by jewelery
why did Birmingham undergo a phase of suburbanisation?
in 1920s a rising population meant building new buildings on city outskirts
why did Birmingham undergo a phase of counter urbanisation?
5 new areas built an inner city
people forced out of urban places to go to places like Redditch
what is the main cause of people moving out in Birmingham?
retirement homes in the south like Bournemouth
what is the main cause of people moving in in Birmingham.
continued investment in the CBD has created more employment opportunities
what is the impact of migration to services and housing?
the demands are higher and more pressure is put on gp’s and the government
why did Birmingham deindustrialize?
there was an increase in mechanisation and outsourcing to more urban areas.
old factories were removed to make way for housing
why is birmingham getting poorer?
lack of investment
deindustrialisation
How did birminghams CBD change in the 19th century?
people moved aways to subburbs to avoid polloution
How did birminghams CBD change in the 1870s?
manufacturing industrys located to subburbs
How did birminghams CBD change in the 1980s?
shopping outlets moved to out of town areas like merry hill
how is birmingham being more sustainable?
busses are powered by gas
35km2 of parks
recycling is still under average at 30.1 percent
continued investment towards energy efficient housing
what is the site of mexico?
in aztec times it was a settlement on an island
what is the situation of mexico?
a flat landscape surrounded by volcanoes located on central plateau
what is the connectivity of mexico?
it is the main link between north and south america and a national base for tv and radio
what is in the CBD of mexico?
office blocks and government buildings
what is in the inner city of mexico?
cheap blocks of multistory flats rented out to tenents
what is in the suburbs of mexico?
middle class housing with tight security and armed guards
what is in the urban-rural fringe of mexico?
shanty towns and illegal squatter settlements
what is the current population of mexico
19 million
Why is there a growing population in mexico?
natural increase
migration
economic investment
what are some negative impacts of migration in mexico?
greater need for homes leads to more shanty towns
higher population density and less poverty
increase in pollution
increased crime because of fewer jobs
rising demand for water which cant always be supplied
fewer jobs
informal economy
what is minimum wage in mexico?
4 dollars/day
what is a KOOOL fact about wages in mexico?
the top 20% earn 13 times as much as the bottom 20%
why is there inequality in education in mexico?
poorest 10% only have 2 years education
richest 10% have 12 years education
what are impacts of rapid urbanisation in mexico?
house shortages squatter settlements under employment polloution inadequate services
what is a KOOL fact about mexico’s inadequate services?
mexico creates 13000 tonnes of rubbish/day but struggles to dispose of it and lots is dumped on the streets
what are top down projects?
large scale projects managed by city governments
what are bottom up projects?
small scale projects often funded by NGO’s or communitys
what is an example of a bottom up project in mexico?
locals working together to build schools and health centres
rooftop gardens have taken off
educating children about managing a garden
what is a transport scheme that mexico introduced?
in 2005 the government introduced metrobus to reduce 35000 tonnes of co2 / year and helps move 250000 people a day taking 30 min soff their journey
